@article {62468,
	title = {Detection of NDM-5 and MCR-1 antibiotic resistance encoding genes in Enterobacterales in long-distance migratory bird species Ciconia ciconia, Algeria},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {814},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022},
	abstract = {
	β-lactams and colistin resistance in\&nbsp;Enterobacterales\&nbsp;is a global public health issue. In this study we aimed to investigate the occurrence and genetic determinants of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and\&nbsp;mcr-encoding-genes in\&nbsp;Enterobacterales\&nbsp;isolates recovered from the migratory bird species\&nbsp;Ciconia ciconia\&nbsp;in an Algerian city. A total of 62 faecal samples from white storks were collected. Samples were then subjected to selective isolation of β-lactams and colistin-resistant-Enterobacterales. The representative colonies were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. ESBL, carbapenemases, and colistin resistance determinants were searched for by PCR and sequencing. The clonality relationships of the obtained isolates were investigated by multilocus sequence typing assays. Mating experiments were carried out to evaluate the transferability of the carbapenemase and\&nbsp;mcr-genes. Forty-two isolates were identified as follows:\&nbsp;Escherichia\&nbsp;coli\&nbsp;(n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;33),\&nbsp;Klebsiella\&nbsp;pneumoniae\&nbsp;(n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;4),\&nbsp;Proteus\&nbsp;mirabilis\&nbsp;(n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;4) and\&nbsp;Citrobacter freundii\&nbsp;(n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;1). Molecular analysis showed that twelve isolates carried the\&nbsp;blaESBL\&nbsp;genes alone, fifteen\&nbsp;E. coli\&nbsp;isolates were positive for the\&nbsp;blaOXA-48\&nbsp;gene, six isolates were NDM-5-carriers (two\&nbsp;P. mirabilis, two\&nbsp;K. pneumoniae\&nbsp;and two\&nbsp;E. coli) and eight\&nbsp;E. coli\&nbsp;strains were positive for the\&nbsp;mcr-1\&nbsp;gene. MLST results showed a high clonal diversity, where NDM-5-producing strains were assigned to two sequence types (ST167 for\&nbsp;E. coli\&nbsp;and ST198 for\&nbsp;K. pneumoniae), whereas the\&nbsp;mcr-1\&nbsp;positive\&nbsp;E. coli\&nbsp;isolates belonged to ST58, ST224, ST453, ST1286, ST2973, ST5542, ST9815 and the international high-risk resistant lineage ST101. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of\&nbsp;blaNDM-5\&nbsp;gene in white storks and also the first describing the\&nbsp;mcr-1\&nbsp;gene in white storks in Algeria. This study underlines the important role of migratory white storks as carriers of high-level drug-resistant bacteria, allowing their possible implication as indicators and\&nbsp;sentinels\&nbsp;for antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152861},
	author = {Lotfi Loucif and Chelaghma, Widad and Zineb Cherak and Esma Bendjama and Beroual, Ferhat and Jean-Marc Rolain}
}
