@article {64911,
	title = {Graded band-gap engineering for increased efficiency in CZTS solar cells, ISSN / e-ISSN 0925-3467 / 1873-1252},
	journal = {Optical MaterialsOptical Materials},
	volume = {Volume 76},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {pp 393-399},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose a potential high efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4/CdS (CZTS) solar cell design based on graded band-gap engineering that can offer the benefits of improved absorption behavior and reduced recombination effects. Moreover, a new hybrid approach based on analytical modeling and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to determinate the optimal band-gap profile of the amended CZTS absorber layer to achieve further efficiency enhancement. It is found that the proposed design exhibits superior performance, where a high efficiency of 16.9\% is recorded for the optimized solar cell with a relative improvement of 92\%, compared with the reference cell efficiency of 8.8\%. Likewise, the optimized CZTS solar cell with a graded band-gap enables achieving a higher open circuit voltage of 889\&nbsp;mV, a short-circuit current of 28.5\&nbsp;mA and a fill factor of 66\%. Therefore, the optimized CZTS-based solar cell with graded-band gap paradigm pinpoints a new path toward recording high-efficiency thin-film solar cells through enhancing carrier collection and reducing the recombination rate.},
	author = {Hichem, Ferhati and DJEFFAL Fay{\c c}al}
}
