@article {65006,
	title = {Contribution of the lessons learned from oil refining accidents to the industrial risks assessment},
	journal = {Management of Environmental QualityManagement of Environmental Quality},
	volume = {2018},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {643-665},
	abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to employ lessons learned from the industrial accidents in Skikda refinery during the period from 2005 to 2016 as input data for the numerical simulation of risk consequences to identify the exposed areas to the various effects of industrial accidents. Design/methodology/approach In order to assess how the lessons learned can contribute to modeling the accidents effects in the refining activities, this paper presents a combined statistical/dynamic approach that combines two main tools, namely, lessons learned from petroleum refining in Algeria and Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres software. Findings The results showed that fire is the most frequent accident at Skikda refinery that is mainly caused by equipment failures with a frequent involvement of crude oil and LNG. The NO2 toxic effects are unacceptable. This means that in the case of a similar accident, the entire population will be exposed to an intolerable concentration of NO2. Therefore, people must be relocated to a safer place. The results indicate that the concentration threshold can be met beyond the distance of 1 km. Research limitations/implications Due to the economic importance of Skikda refinery and the absence of data related to the accidents in the refineries of Algiers, Arzew and Hassi Messaoud, this study is limited to the statistical analysis of accidents related to Skikda refinery. Practical implications This approach makes the risk assessment more practical and effective for the appropriate utilization of safety barriers and for the whole decision-making process. Originality/value This work presents a review paper of accidents that occurred in the oil-refining sector in Algeria, whose objective is learning lessons from past accidents history, by identifying their immediate causes and effects on personnel, equipment and environment in order to propose prevention measures. The novelty of this work is highlighted by the fact that this statistical analysis of oil and gas refining accident is realized for the first time in Algeria. This is due to the difficulty of obtaining data on accidents in the Algerian refining sector; for this reason, the authors have limited the study to the Skikda refinery.},
	author = {CHETTOUH, S. and HAMZI, R. and MCHEBILA}
}
@article {65513,
	title = {Examination of fire and related accidents in Skikda Oil Refinery for the period 2002\&ndash;2013},
	journal = {Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process IndustriesJournal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {186-193},
	abstract = {This paper presents a statistical analysis of reported accidents related to the Skikda{\textquoteright}s Oil and Gas Refinery that led to a major explosion and loss of life. A historical review of fire, explosion and toxic release incidents that occurred during the period between 2002 and 2013 is presented. A brief description of each accident/incident is provided with the fatalities and personal injuries that resulted being described. These case studies have been analyzed with a view to understand the common causes including errors, which have led to catastrophic events. Accident frequency analysis has been applied to various types of primary accidental events such as fire, explosion and toxic gas releases to assess the potential damage of such events and the likelihood of such damage occurring. The basic principles of such analysis is to utilize the available information and use the most detailed elements to illustrate what the industry should learn from these accidents so that it can learn from them and hopefully prevent future major accidents.},
	author = {CHETTOUH, S. and HAMZI, R. and BENAROUA, K.}
}
