<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zineb Cherak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lotfi Loucif</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moussi, Abdelhamid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esma Bendjama</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benbouza, Amel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jean-Marc Rolain</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emergence of metallo-β-lactamases and OXA-48 carbapenemase producing gram-negative bacteria in hospital wastewater in Algeria: a potential dissemination pathway into the environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Drug Resistance</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2020.0617</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-30</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1076-6294</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can leave hospitals and therefore contaminate the environment and, most likely, humans and animals, through different routes, among which wastewater discharge is of great importance. This study aims to assess the possible role of hospital sewage as reservoir and dissemination pathway of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Carbapenem-resistant GNB were selectively isolated from wastewater collected from a public hospital in Batna, Algeria. Species identification was carried out using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. β-Lactamase production was investigated phenotypically using the double-disk synergy assay and the modified CarbaNP test, then the molecular mechanisms of β-lactam-resistance were studied by PCR and sequencing. Ten Enterobacteriaceae and 14 glucose-nonfermenting GNB isolates were obtained. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates were positive for OXA-48 and TEM-1D β-lactamases, where seven of them coproduced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase. VIM-2 carbapenemase was detected in six glucose-nonfermenting GNB isolates. However, three&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;, one&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Comamonas jiangduensis&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;and one&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;isolates were positive for VIM-4 variant. In addition, NDM-1 enzyme was detected in four&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;A. baumannii&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;isolates. Our findings highlight the potential impact of hospital wastewater in the spread of drug resistance mechanisms outside of hospitals.
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