<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitchah, Meriem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bencheikh, Messaouda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aidoud, Assia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lekouara, Laid</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enhancing the Geotechnical Properties of Sabkha Soil Using Cement and Lime Through Experimental Approach and Optimization</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indian Geotechnical Journal </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40098-025-01454-6</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	This study investigates the potential for enhancing the geotechnical performance of sabkha soil from Ain M’Lila (Algeria) through cement-lime stabilization, with optimization of stabilizer dosages conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Twelve mixtures with varying contents of soil (90–100%), lime (0–10%), and cement (0–10%) were evaluated using a central composite design. Experimental testing included Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and electrical conductivity (Ec), with data interpreted via ANOVA and RSM modeling. The untreated sabkha soil displayed unfavorable properties, such as 60% fines, an electrical conductivity of 16.33 mS/cm, 3585&amp;nbsp;mg/L of chlorides, and 4704&amp;nbsp;mg/L of sulfates. Nevertheless, RSM identified an optimal formulation comprising 6% cement and 4% lime, which led to remarkable improvements: UCS increased by 1007% (1583&amp;nbsp;kPa at 90 days), the CBR index rose by 442.89% (83.83), cohesion reached 38.2&amp;nbsp;kPa, and the pH stabilized at a highly alkaline value of 12.3, promoting pozzolanic activity. ANOVA results confirmed the significance of the models (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; 0.05), with strong coefficients of determination (R² values of 87.13%, 91.39%, 90.85%, 80.47%, and 89.03%) corresponding to maximum dry density, cohesion, internal friction angle, CBR, and UCS, respectively. Overall, the findings confirm that cement-lime treatment can effectively convert problematic sabkha soil into a reliable subgrade material for road infrastructure. Moreover, the RSM-based optimization approach provides a cost-effective and technically sound solution for soil stabilization in arid and semi-arid environments.
&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitchah, Meriem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aidoud, Assia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bencheikh, Messaouda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synergistic Influence of Cement&amp;ndash;Lime Stabilization on the Mechanical Properties and Mineralogical Changes of Sabkha Soils from Aïn M&amp;rsquo;lila</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.iieta.org/journals/acsm/paper/10.18280/acsm.490506</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">491</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	The sabkha soils of the Aïn M’lila region present major geotechnical challenges, including high salinity, significant gypsum and soluble salt contents, and low mechanical strength. To improve their geotechnical performance, this study evaluated the effectiveness of cement–lime stabilization at various mixing ratios. Mechanical tests, including compressibility, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), were conducted to identify the optimal dosage. The 6/4% cement–lime mixture exhibited the best performance, showing a significant increase in bearing capacity and soil cohesion. Based on these results, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out exclusively on this optimal mixture to examine the associated mineralogical transformations. The XRD results revealed a pronounced structural reorganization characterized by the formation of secondary carbonates and pozzolanic products (C-S-H and C-A-H), which contributed to matrix densification and improved mechanical resistance. Despite the persistence of certain evaporitic phases such as gypsum and halite, the 6/4% cement–lime mixture proved to be the most effective, confirming the suitability of this approach for the sustainable stabilization of sabkha soils.
&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hafhouf, Ilyas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of drying-wetting cycles on the salinity and the mechanical behavior of sebkha soils. A case study from Ain M&amp;#39;Lila, Algeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATENA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816222000856</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sebkha soils are defined as problem soils located in arid, semi-arid, and coastal areas. Generally, they are fine soil, composed of silt, sand, and clay, which are cemented by different salts (e.g., halite, gypsum, and calcite). In nature, sebkha saline soils are exposed to different drying and wetting (D-W) cycles. However, these cycles have a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of these soils. This study aims to characterize the chemical, mineralogical, and geotechnical properties of sebkha soil using an experimental approach. We focus on the effects of D-W cycles on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and&amp;nbsp;salinity&amp;nbsp;of sebkha soils from Ain M’Lila, Algeria. In addition, these D-W cycles were applied to the samples dried in the open air to achieve the targeted water content (water content values of 7%, 11.4%, and 13%). The results obtained show that the UCS increases with decrease in water content and decreases with an increase in the number of D-W cycles. In addition, these cycles affect the salinity of the sebkha soil. Indeed, a significant decrease in&amp;nbsp;soil salinity&amp;nbsp;was recorded with an increase in the number of D-W cycles. Finally, a relationship was found between the salinity of the soil and UCS. The latter decreases with a decrease in soil salinity; this relationship becomes very significant for low water content values of 7% or less.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziani, Hocine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benmoussa, Samir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of Calcium Chloride on the Microstructure of a Collapsible Soil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.iieta.org/download/file/fid/79961</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-206</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The study of the collapse of soils under the effect of flooding is a major problem in soil mechanics. Most of the work done on the treatment of these soils has been devoted to the use of binders of hydraulic or organic types. However, little work has been devoted to the use of salt calcium chloride in collapsible soil treatments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect salt calcium chloride on a reconstituted collapsible soil in the laboratory, at different levels of water content, compaction energy and concentration of the saline solution. The results obtained showed a significant reduction in the potential for soil deformation and an illustration and a noticeable interaction between the soil particles and the saline solution resulting in a denser material.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hafhouf, Ilyas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of drying-wetting cycles on the salinity and the mechanical behavior of sebkha soils. A case study from Ain M&amp;#39;Lila, Algeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATENA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106099</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">212</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">106099</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0341-8162</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	Sebkha soils are defined as problem soils located in arid, semi-arid, and coastal areas. Generally, they are fine soil, composed of silt, sand, and clay, which are cemented by different salts (e.g., halite, gypsum, and calcite). In nature, sebkha saline soils are exposed to different drying and wetting (D-W) cycles. However, these cycles have a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of these soils. This study aims to characterize the chemical, mineralogical, and geotechnical properties of sebkha soil using an experimental approach. We focus on the effects of D-W cycles on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and salinity of sebkha soils from Ain M'Lila, Algeria. In addition, these D-W cycles were applied to the samples dried in the open air to achieve the targeted water content (water content values of 7%, 11.4%, and 13%). The results obtained show that the UCS increases with decrease in water content and decreases with an increase in the number of D-W cycles. In addition, these cycles affect the salinity of the sebkha soil. Indeed, a significant decrease in soil salinity was recorded with an increase in the number of D-W cycles. Finally, a relationship was found between the salinity of the soil and UCS. The latter decreases with a decrease in soil salinity; this relationship becomes very significant for low water content values of 7% or less.
&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Azzedine</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microstructure and geotechnical characteristics of a highly plastic clay treated by magnesium chloride</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mining ScienceMining Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2300-9586</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekhouche, Hizia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duc, Myriam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delage, Pierre</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Swelling and Shrinkage Properties of Clay-Rich Soils after Cement Treatment A Microstructural Approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and EnvironmentItalian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-22</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellil, Soumia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treatment of a collapsible soil using a bentonite–cement mixture</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studia Geotechnica et MechanicaStudia Geotechnica et Mechanica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">233-243</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Azeddine</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Study of the influence of the saline solution NaCl on the potential collapse of soil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E3S Web of Conferences</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EDP Sciences</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07001</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2267-1242</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Azeddine</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Study of the microstructure of a collapsible soil flooded with NaCl saline</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E3S Web of Conferences</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  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collapsible soil treated with the potassium chloride</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Applied Engineering Science &amp; TechnologyJournal of Applied Engineering Science &amp; Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-42</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2352-9873</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Ouassila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbeche, Khelifa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bahloul, Azeddine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halitim, Amor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of sodium chloride on the wetting induced collapse strain of soils</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malaysian Journal of Civil EngineeringMalaysian Journal of Civil Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2600-9498</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>