<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seghir,  Zineb</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lyamine Guezouli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamel Barka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boubiche, Djallel-Eddine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Peláez, Rafael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Real-Time Consensus-Free Accident Detection Framework for Internet of Vehicles Using Vision Transformer and EfficientNet</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI (Switzerland)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.3390/ai7010004</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;b&gt;Objectives&lt;/b&gt;: Traffic accidents cause severe social and economic impacts, demanding fast and reliable detection to minimize secondary collisions and improve emergency response. However, existing cloud-dependent detection systems often suffer from high latency and limited scalability, motivating the need for an edge-centric and consensus-free accident detection framework in IoV environments.&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: This study presents a real-time accident detection framework tailored for Internet of Vehicles (IoV) environments. The proposed system forms an integrated IoV architecture combining on-vehicle inference, RSU-based validation, and asynchronous cloud reporting. The system integrates a lightweight ensemble of Vision Transformer (ViT) and EfficientNet models deployed on vehicle nodes to classify video frames. Accident alerts are generated only when both models agree (vehicle-level ensemble consensus), ensuring high precision. These alerts are transmitted to nearby Road Side Units (RSUs), which validate the events and broadcast safety messages without requiring inter-vehicle or inter-RSU consensus. Structured reports are also forwarded asynchronously to the cloud for long-term model retraining and risk analysis.&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Evaluated on the CarCrash and CADP datasets, the framework achieves an F1-score of 0.96 with average decision latency below 60 ms, corresponding to an overall accuracy of 98.65% and demonstrating measurable improvement over single-model baselines.&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: By combining on-vehicle inference, edge-based validation, and optional cloud integration, the proposed architecture offers both immediate responsiveness and adaptability, contrasting with traditional cloud-dependent approaches.
&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sedat Akleylek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soysaldı, Meryem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Novel Method for Polar Form of Any Degree of Multivariate Polynomials with Applications in IoT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensors (Basel)Sensors (Basel)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">903</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification schemes based on multivariate polynomials have been receiving attraction in different areas due to the quantum secure property. Identification is one of the most important elements for the IoT to achieve communication between objects, gather and share information with each other. Thus, identification schemes which are post-quantum secure are significant for Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. Various polar forms of multivariate quadratic and cubic polynomial systems have been proposed for these identification schemes. There is a need to define polar form for multivariate&amp;nbsp;dth degree polynomials, where d &gt;= 4 . In this paper, we propose a solution to this need by defining constructions for multivariate polynomials of degree d &gt;= 4 . We give a generic framework to construct the identification scheme for IoT and RFID applications. In addition, we compare identification schemes and curve-based cryptoGPS which is currently used in RFID applications.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabrina Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azzedine Bilami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Big Data Challenges and Data Aggregation Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE AccessIEEE Access</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20558 - 20571</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The emergence of new data handling technologies and analytics enabled the organization of big data in processes as an innovative aspect in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Big data paradigm, combined with WSN technology, involves new challenges that are necessary to resolve in parallel. Data aggregation is a rapidly emerging research area. It represents one of the processing challenges of big sensor networks. This paper introduces the big data paradigm, its main dimensions that represent one of the most challenging concepts, and its principle analytic tools which are more and more introduced in the WSNs technology. The paper also presents the big data challenges that must be overcome to efficiently manipulate the voluminous data, and proposes a new classification of these challenges based on the necessities and the challenges of WSNs. As the big data aggregation challenge represents the center of our interest, this paper surveys its proposed strategies in WSNs.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eddine-Boubiche, Djallel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trejo-Sánchez, Joel A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Martínez, José L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faouzi Hidoussi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wireless sensor technology for intelligent data sensing: Research trends and challenges</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intelligent data sensing and processing for health and well-being applications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41-58</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faouzi Hidoussi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Peláez, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Velarde-Alvarado, Pablo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romeli Barbosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chan, Freddy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEAL: Power efficient and adaptive latency hierarchical routing protocol for cluster-based WSN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wireless Personal CommunicationsWireless Personal Communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4929-4945</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1572-834X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faouzi Hidoussi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martínez-Peláez, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvarado, Pablo Velarde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romeli Barbosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freddy, Chan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEAL: Power Efficient and Adaptive LatencyHierarchical Routing Protocol for Cluster-Based WSN</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wireless Personal CommunicationsWireless Personal Communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">96</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4929–4945</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In wireless sensor networks, one of the most important constraints is the low power consumption requirement. For that reason, several hierarchical or cluster-based routing methods have been proposed to provide an efficient way to save energy during communication. However, their main challenge is to have efficient mechanisms to achieve the trade-off between increasing the network lifetime and accomplishing acceptable transmission latency. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol for cluster-based wireless sensor networks called PEAL (Power Efficient and Adaptive Latency). Our simulation results show that PEAL can extend the network lifetime about 47% compared to the classic protocol LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and introduces an acceptable transmission latency compared to the energy conservation gain.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabrina Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azzedine Bilami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Outline of Data Aggregation Security in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SensorsSensors</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Data aggregation processes aim to reduce the amount of exchanged data in wireless sensor networks and consequently minimize the packet overhead and optimize energy efficiency. Securing the data aggregation process is a real challenge since the aggregation nodes must access the relayed data to apply the aggregation functions. The data aggregation security problem has been widely addressed in classical homogeneous wireless sensor networks, however, most of the proposed security protocols cannot guarantee a high level of security since the sensor node resources are limited. Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks have recently emerged as a new wireless sensor network category which expands the sensor nodes’ resources and capabilities. These new kinds of WSNs have opened new research opportunities where security represents a most attractive area. Indeed, robust and high security level algorithms can be used to secure the data aggregation at the heterogeneous aggregation nodes which is impossible in classical homogeneous WSNs. Contrary to the homogeneous sensor networks, the data aggregation security problem is still not sufficiently covered and the proposed data aggregation security protocols are numberless. To address this recent research area, this paper describes the data aggregation security problem in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks and surveys a few proposed security protocols. A classification and evaluation of the existing protocols is also introduced based on the adopted data aggregation security approach.&amp;nbsp;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabrina Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Al-Sakib Khan Pathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azzedine Bilami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SamirAthmani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SDAW: secure data aggregation watermarking-based scheme in homogeneous WSNs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Telecommunication SystemsTelecommunication Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277–288</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Redundant data retransmission problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be eliminated using the data aggregation process which combines similar data to reduce the resource-consumption and consequently, saves energy during data transmission. In the recent days, many researchers have focused on securing this paradigm despite the constraints it imposes such as the limited resources. Most of the solutions proposed to secure the data aggregation process in WSNs are essentially based on the use of encryption keys to protect data during their transmission in the network. Indeed, the key generation and distribution mechanisms involve additional computation costs and consume more of energy. Considering this, in this paper, we propose a new security mechanism to secure data aggregation in WSNs called SDAW (secure data aggregation watermarking-based scheme in homogeneous WSNs). Our mechanism aims to secure the data aggregation process while saving energy. For this, the mechanism uses a lightweight fragile watermarking technique without encryption to insure the authentication and the integrity of the sensed data while saving the energy. The links between the sensor nodes and the aggregation nodes, and also the links between the aggregation nodes and the base station are secured by using the watermarking mechanism.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabrina Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azeddine Bilami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toward adaptive data aggregation protocols in wireless sensor networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet of things and Cloud Computing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faouzi Hidoussi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamaljit Lakhtaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albena Mihovska</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miroslav Voznak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centralized IDS based on misuse detection for cluster-based wireless sensors networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wireless Personal CommunicationsWireless Personal Communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207-224</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1572-834X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homero Toral-Cruz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faouzi Hidoussi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djallel Eddine Boubiche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romeli Barbosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miroslav Voznak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lakhtaria, Kamaljit I</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A survey on wireless sensor networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Next Generation Wireless Network Security and 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font="default" size="100%">Miroslav Voznak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sergej Jakovlev</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wireless Sensor Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IGI Global</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5815-5824</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>