An efficient small size electromagnetic energy harvesting sensor for low-DC-power applications is proposed. The sensor consists of two main parts: a dual polarisation square patch antenna used to collect the RF energy at a central frequency of 2.45 GHz, and two voltage doublers rectifier circuit for the RF-to-DC conversion. The overall size of the design is 50 × 50 × 6.2 mm 3 . Firstly, the antenna is designed using high-frequency structure simulator software; followed by the design of the rectifier circuit in advanced design system. After simulations, a sensor prototype is fabricated using F4B as the antenna substrate. Measurements show that the sensor achieves a comparatively high maximum measured efficiency of 41% for a power level of -10 dBm. The sensor has a simple structure, it is compact sized, light weight, and presents a high RF-to-DC conversion efficiency for low-RF-power levels which can be used to charge different low-DC-power devices.

An efficient small size electromagnetic energy harvesting sensor for low-DC-power applications is proposed. The sensor consists of two main parts: a dual polarisation square patch antenna used to collect the RF energy at a central frequency of 2.45 GHz, and two voltage doublers rectifier circuit for the RF-to-DC conversion. The overall size of the design is 50 × 50 × 6.2 mm 3 . Firstly, the antenna is designed using high-frequency structure simulator software; followed by the design of the rectifier circuit in advanced design system. After simulations, a sensor prototype is fabricated using F4B as the antenna substrate. Measurements show that the sensor achieves a comparatively high maximum measured efficiency of 41% for a power level of -10 dBm. The sensor has a simple structure, it is compact sized, light weight, and presents a high RF-to-DC conversion efficiency for low-RF-power levels which can be used to charge different low-DC-power devices.

In this paper, an efficient full-wave analysis of a circular microstrip patch printed on suspended and composite substrates is performed using a dyadic Green’s function formulation. Galerkin’s technique is used in the resolution of the integral equation of the electric field. The TM set of modes issued, from the magnetic wall cavity model, are used to expand the unknown currents on the circular patch. The radiation patterns are expressed regarding the transforms of the currents. The convergence of the method is proven by calculating the resonant frequencies, half-power bandwidths, and quality factors for several configurations. The computed results are found to be in excellent agreement with those observed in the literature. The numerical results obtained show that the bandwidth increases with the increase in the thickness of the suspended or composite substrates, especially for low permittivity of the second layer. Also, it is demonstrated that the resonant frequencies of the circular microstrip patch on suspended and composite substrates can be adjusted to obtain the maximum operating frequency of the antenna. Finally, the effect of the presence of the second layer under the circular patch on the radiation patterns is also investigated.

In this paper, an efficient full-wave analysis of a circular microstrip patch printed on suspended and composite substrates is performed using a dyadic Green’s function formulation. Galerkin’s technique is used in the resolution of the integral equation of the electric field. The TM set of modes issued, from the magnetic wall cavity model, are used to expand the unknown currents on the circular patch. The radiation patterns are expressed regarding the transforms of the currents. The convergence of the method is proven by calculating the resonant frequencies, half-power bandwidths, and quality factors for several configurations. The computed results are found to be in excellent agreement with those observed in the literature. The numerical results obtained show that the bandwidth increases with the increase in the thickness of the suspended or composite substrates, especially for low permittivity of the second layer. Also, it is demonstrated that the resonant frequencies of the circular microstrip patch on suspended and composite substrates can be adjusted to obtain the maximum operating frequency of the antenna. Finally, the effect of the presence of the second layer under the circular patch on the radiation patterns is also investigated.

In this paper, an efficient full-wave analysis of a circular microstrip patch printed on suspended and composite substrates is performed using a dyadic Green’s function formulation. Galerkin’s technique is used in the resolution of the integral equation of the electric field. The TM set of modes issued, from the magnetic wall cavity model, are used to expand the unknown currents on the circular patch. The radiation patterns are expressed regarding the transforms of the currents. The convergence of the method is proven by calculating the resonant frequencies, half-power bandwidths, and quality factors for several configurations. The computed results are found to be in excellent agreement with those observed in the literature. The numerical results obtained show that the bandwidth increases with the increase in the thickness of the suspended or composite substrates, especially for low permittivity of the second layer. Also, it is demonstrated that the resonant frequencies of the circular microstrip patch on suspended and composite substrates can be adjusted to obtain the maximum operating frequency of the antenna. Finally, the effect of the presence of the second layer under the circular patch on the radiation patterns is also investigated.