Bougaa region is affected by a shift moving a considerable amount of detritus formed by colluvial deposits, scree to boulders and scree slope reddish clay loam resting on a substratum of impermeable shale shale. This shift is shaped in geological formations particularly sensitive to this type of movement because of the heterogeneity of their facies, the impermeability of certain layers and the effect of tectonics and karstification. The purpose of this study is to characterize these shifts using tools geological, geotechnical and geomorphological features. The role of seepage is essential in triggering these shifts where lithology, structural arrangement, the climate is favorable factors. The presence of slopes> 20%, emerging sources of karst reservoir Guergour, creating wetlands that allow triggering of ground motion in this region.

Copper(I)-zeolites, especially copper(I)-ultra stable Y zeolite (USY), are very efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the coupling of functionalized 1-bromoalkynes and various nitrogen derivatives. Under these conditions, sulfonylated alkyl- or arylamines and various N-heterocycles, such as oxazolidinones or indoles, could be efficiently transformed into the corresponding N-alkynyl derivatives. However, imidazoles gave addition products rather than coupling products. The reaction conditions proved compatible with a variety of functional and protecting groups. Such zeolitic catalysts can be recycled and reused at least five times without significant deactivation. Low catalyst loading could be used (4 mol%) and as low as 0.8 mol% of this heterogeneous copper catalyst still gave good conversion and yields.