La présente étude s’intéresse à la littérature scientifique qui s’est faite autour du penseur algérien Malek Bennabi (1905-1973) en ce début du 21e siècle. Son objectif est de vérifier l’authenticité du prétendu retour de la pensée bennabienne sur la scène académique et intellectuelle, ainsi que de mesurer le degré d’intérêt que les chercheurs lui portent à travers le monde, notamment en Algérie avec l’apparition de plusieurs inédits pendant cette même période. Pour cela, un état des lieux a été entrepris, en posant comme cadre chronologique la période qui va de l’an 2000 jusqu’à 2022. Le recensement des données bibliographiques, illustré par des tableaux et des représentations graphiques, s’est fait selon plusieurs plans : le nombre ainsi que les nationalités des chercheurs, les pays depuis lesquels les travaux ont été publiés, les types de documents (livres, thèses, conférences, etc.), les catégories de ces travaux (sociologie, économie, religion, etc.) ainsi que les langues dans lesquelles ils ont été exprimés. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent un phénomène de pluralité, voire de cosmopolitisme, et un taux de publication croissant au cours des années.

La présente étude s’intéresse à la littérature scientifique qui s’est faite autour du penseur algérien Malek Bennabi (1905-1973) en ce début du 21e siècle. Son objectif est de vérifier l’authenticité du prétendu retour de la pensée bennabienne sur la scène académique et intellectuelle, ainsi que de mesurer le degré d’intérêt que les chercheurs lui portent à travers le monde, notamment en Algérie avec l’apparition de plusieurs inédits pendant cette même période. Pour cela, un état des lieux a été entrepris, en posant comme cadre chronologique la période qui va de l’an 2000 jusqu’à 2022. Le recensement des données bibliographiques, illustré par des tableaux et des représentations graphiques, s’est fait selon plusieurs plans : le nombre ainsi que les nationalités des chercheurs, les pays depuis lesquels les travaux ont été publiés, les types de documents (livres, thèses, conférences, etc.), les catégories de ces travaux (sociologie, économie, religion, etc.) ainsi que les langues dans lesquelles ils ont été exprimés. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent un phénomène de pluralité, voire de cosmopolitisme, et un taux de publication croissant au cours des années.

The targeted resorption of socio-economic deficits at the local (municipal) level requires the use of a cartography of development in the multidimensional sense of the term, combined with that of the causes structural factors of its possible delay. This article provides for this purpose a municipal cartography of the development of M’sila province, and its sources assimilated to education, standard of living, economic activity, housing and social services. To ensure a certain objectivity in our research, we have chosen an automatic technique following the essential steps (choice of variables, normalization, weighting and aggregation) in the hierarchical classification of municipalities. This mapping of multidimensional local development clearly shows the development deficits at the municipal level, due to the delays accumulated for years, despite the generalization of basic education and attempt the local authorities to improve the economic and social conditions of the population. The results obtained show that on the whole, the urban municipalities have a local development index higher than 0.7 and rank in the first places, this index goes from a minimum (0.310) observed in the rural municipalities Tamsa, Zerzour, Sidi M’hammed and the ones located south of the province where the climate is dry and hot, the maximum index (0.860) recorded in two urban municipalities at namely M’sila and Bousaada, The high variability of development deficits shows that any development strategy would benefit from being rethought in order to provide more effective to the different situations experienced by rural municipalities in particular.

In an increasingly interconnected world, the intricacies of cross-cultural communication and language acquisition are of a crucial importance. Contrastive Rhetoric theory offers valuable insights into how rhetorical patterns are transferred from L1 to L2. While previous studies acknowledge the influence of culture on rhetoric, they often overlook the reasoning mechanisms shaping rhetorical choices. The present research addresses this gap within the context of Arabic discourse, focusing on Algerian academic corpus, by shifting the focus from surface cultural manifestations to the fundamental reasoning embedded within Arab culture. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how major Arabic rhetorical patterns, including paraphrase, lexical couplets, and parallelism, are transferred to English compositions by Algerian students.

Recent climatic shifts and the growth of agricultural land have escalated the incidence of wheat field fires, presenting severe risks to both food security and local economies. This study aims to develop advanced predictive models to effectively forecast significant wheat fires in Barika, Algeria. We utilized a comprehensive dataset spanning from 2015 to 2023, which includes information on fire incidents and meteorological factors like temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed. A sophisticated ensemble machine learning model was crafted, combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Random Forest (RF) in a stacked configuration to predict wheat fire events. Our analysis indicates that the ensemble model significantly outperforms traditional single-model approaches in terms of both accuracy and reliability. Employing these cutting-edge predictive techniques significantly bolsters firefighting measures, enhances resource management, and reduces the adverse effects of fires in agricultural zones. The employment of ensemble learning highlights its utility as a formidable tool in environmental management and crisis response. With more precise forecasts, this model facilitates improved emergency preparedness and strategic intervention plans, aiming to safeguard essential agricultural assets and support rural communities against the backdrop of mounting environmental pressures.

The article focuses on the generalization of Fuglede's theorem and the solvability of operator equations. Topics include extending Fuglede's theorem to non-normal operators, deriving criteria for solving operator equations such as AX − XB = C, and using inner inverses to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for operator equation solutions.

A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) comprises multiple parts constructed from different materials. This complexity presents challenges in designing the blade structure. In this study, we investigated a structural optimization of a small-scale blade for a VAWT, with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model. The purpose is to minimize the blade mass while adhering to a suite of critical wind conditions according to the IEC 61400-2 Standard. The structure made from Aluminum material simulates structure’s global behavior to determine maximum stress and deflection levels. The same structure is modeled using Glass/Epoxy composite for optimizing its design. Twenty combinations of Glass/Epoxy layers, varying in ply thickness and orientation, are simulated to find the most suitable combination. Results demonstrated that the optimization case [45°/90°/0°/−45°] obtained the minimum values of stress and deflection, is 59% lighter than Aluminum blade (initial design). The designed Glass/Epoxy composite blade is acceptable and recommended for structural safety.

Reservoir dams in Algeria face reduced lifespans and diminished water resources due to sedimentation, which often leads to out-of-service states. To address this issue, topo-bathymetry has been identified as the preferred technique for predicting silting in dam basins. Consequently, the seek for optimal interpolation methods to conduct topo-bathymetric surveys has become increasingly important. This study compares two primary interpolation methods, deterministic and geostatistical, to determine the most effective approach for these surveys. Three specific techniques were examined in this research: inverse distance weighting, radial basis function (deterministic), and ordinary kriging (geostatistical). The study focused on five reservoir dams in Algeria, using cross-validation to assess the performance of each interpolation method. The results revealed that the geostatistical approach outperformed deterministic estimations across all five sites. The superiority of the geostatistical method was further supported by the performance metrics used in the study. Based on these findings, ordinary kriging emerged as the most suitable method for interpolating topo-bathymetric surveys for all sites, regardless of variations in morphology and spatial sampling density. This research contributes valuable insights for enhancing reservoir dam management in Algeria in order to optimize water resource allocation.

Water resources are facing significant challenges in result of rapidly growing demand, deteriorating quality, and the effects of climate change. Today, water quantity and quality issues have become prevalent in various regions across the globe, affecting both northern and southern territories. Among the sectors reliant on this resource, irrigation stands out as the largest consumer of water. When surface water becomes inaccessible due to insufficient precipitation or other factors, the use of groundwater becomes the only viable alternative for irrigation. The Remila Plain (Khenchela) is located in an endorean watershed in northeastern Algeria and extends over 250 km2 in a synclinal basin filled with water from the Mio-Plio Quaternary - the main aquifer of the region, widely used for irrigation. The aim of this work is to study the hydrochemistry of these waters, as well as the evolution of mineralisation, the identification of the origin of the chemistry, and the suitability of these waters for irrigation. Initial results indicate an evolution of mineralisation in the direction of groundwater flow, with electrical conductivity values varying between 1000μS/cm in the recharge zones, and 2700μS/cm at the outlet. This mineralisation is mainly due to the dissolution of evaporitic minerals and the alteration of silicates. In addition, the various water quality indices used indicate that the water can be used for irrigation without major risk to plants and soils.

Inspired by a real-work case, this paper introduces a profit maximization model for dynamic lot sizing considering substitution and multiple usage of returns for refurbishing at different levels of quality or for disassembly to extract key parts that will be used in the manufacturing process. This model allows studying the interactions between different types of returns and decisions. To analyze the impact of uncertainty on these interactions, we develop a robust two-stage stochastic program with uncertainty on demands and returns. The resulting problems are mixed-integer linear programs that we solve using an efficient relax-and-fix and fix-and-optimize heuristic. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to study the different trade-offs when integrating multi-usage of returns with substitution and accordingly derive managerial insights. The experiments have revealed, for example, that: (i) the profit margin of the refurbished items is the main determinant of the total profit and when such margin in high, the total profit becomes more sensitive to different cost variations; (ii) collection efficiency becomes very sensitive to collection cost and much less sensitive to refurbishing cost especially with large profit margins; (iii) when demand and returns are uncertain parameters, substitution becomes the best option as uncertainty and prices increase; (iv) when the gap between prices of different quality levels is high, lost sales occur mainly on the lowest quality product and downgrading decreases together with substitution; and (v) Sharing the production line between refurbishing and manufacturing for low-quality products is highly motivated by small upgrading costs and their substitution level increases with increasing upgrading costs.

Introduction/purpose : This study investigates the seismic response of longspan continuous deck truss bridges under the effect of near-fault vertical ground motions. The primary objective is to assess how near-fault vertical seismic excitation affects the structural safety and performance of these bridges. By exploring the nuanced dynamics induced by near-fault vertical motions, the research aims to improve the understanding of the vulnerabilities and challenges faced by long-span continuous deck truss bridges during seismic events.

Methods : To achieve this objective, the truss bridge was subjected to a series of ground motions, representing natural seismic events. The seismic response of the bridge was investigated by applying the linear time history method to the 3D finite element model. This analysis focused specifically on the evaluation of base shear and displacement. The analysis was extended to include the seismic performance of truss structures. The comparison between the bridge responses with and without consideration of the vertical component of ground motion was made to clarify the effect of vertical excitation.

Results : The results show that there is a significant contribution of vertical excitation, particularly concerning the internal force in the truss elements, where it exceeded 60 % during a severe earthquake, and consequently increased the demand-to-capacity ratio in most elements of the truss bridge structure.

Conclusion : For structural engineers and designers, the results of this research suggest that neglecting to include the vertical ground motion component in the analytical assessments of this type of bridges can lead to a greater degree of uncertainty and risk, particularly in near-fault regions.

This paper studies the phenomenon of hydraulic jump in compound channels using a numerical model and provides remarkable results. Several values of the opening parameter, h1, are utilized to generate the hydraulic jumps. A recirculation zone is detected by studying the RNG-K-Ɛ turbulent Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model, which is distinguished by the modified directions of the velocity vectors. When comparedwith the experimental values, the numerical simulation demonstrated very good accuracy, with an error of no more than 9.4%. The results underline the reliability and usefulness of the VOF turbulence model for understanding and simulating the hydraulic processes in compound channels.

Background and Objective: Plants of the genusMarrubium are used to cure several infectious diseases like asthma, rheumatoid and diabetes.This study investigatedin vivo antihyperglycemic capacity of the methanolic fraction (MeOHE) of twoMarrubium species via animal model.Materials and Methods: The plant extracts were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively to reveal their phytochemical composition.Pharmacologically speaking, Wistar albino rats of either sex (150-180 g) were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect using 25 rats in each ofthe two used approaches; respectively Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes approaches. In addition, variousbiochemical parameters were investigated to confirm the pharmacological quality of our plants. Evaluated for their possible antidiabetic effectduring two consecutive weeks for glycemia levels (2 hrs period). Results: Data revealed that MeOHE induced a significant antihyperglycemic effect,in whichM. deserti, a slight decrease in the glucose level at (143±0.5 mg/dL) was obtained while a reduction was recorded forM. vulgare(71.5±0.75 mg/dL) with a same observation for triglycerides, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(TGP), creatinine comparing to standard. Moreover, the result showed high levels of phenolic and flavono{\"ıds content. Conclusion: This modestwork confirmed once again the real pharmacological capacity of vegetals and their possible implication to cure diabetes and complications relatedto it underlying the antihyperglycemic activity of these plants.

The current investigation is centered on the characterization of specific apple cultivars in the Garza region, within the Teniet El Abed municipality, situated 55 km east of Batna (NE-Algeria). Utilizing descriptors outlined by UPOV 2015 pertaining to apples, the study focuses on morphological parameters of leaves, fruits, and terminal shoots across three varieties: Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson. Additionally, soil analysis was conducted to ascertain its suitability for apple cultivation. The examination revealed limited morphological diversity among the investigated apple cultivars, with some descriptors, particularly those related to fruit traits, showing insignificant differences between cultivar types. Overall, the studied varieties - Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson - exhibit distinct physiological and morphological characteristics. Variations in size, shape, skin color, flesh attributes, as well as sugar and acid content, contribute to the uniqueness of each variety. Whether one prefers sweet or tart apples, or favors larger or smaller fruits, there exists an apple variety to cater to individual tastes. Our findings complement molecular analyses and underscore the need for further exploration of apple germplasm, alongside sustained conservation efforts.

Ilex aquifolium L. is an endemic species in Algeria’s Tellian and Saharan Atlas mountains in the country’s center and east, and it is on the verge of extinction owing to a variety of reasons. To help preserve it, we devised an in vitro micropropagation technique. The cuttings with axillary buds were cultured on different media supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best results were obtained on Woody Plants Medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP: 1.5 mg/LL, 3 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA: 1.5 mg/LL) in combination with BAP (1.5 mg/ L); BAP (1.5 mg/ L) with Gibberellins (GA3: 0.5 mg/ L). The best shoot proliferation rates were obtained on WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg/LL (BAP) and BAP: 1.5 mg/L; GA3: 0.5 mg/L; or BAP: 1.5 mg/L + ANA: 1.5 mg/L. The highest rooting rate (100%) was obtained with shoots grown on WPM medium supplemented with NAA (1.5 mg/LL). Absence of routing formation was observed in media containing indolacetic acid (IAA: 1 mg/ L) alone or combined with BAP: 0.5 mg/ L) The best-rooted shoots must be acclimatized to a substrate consisting of a mixture of peat and sand (1:1 v/vv), the seedlings have been acclimatized successfully.

Honey has a long history of use in many cultures as food and medicine. It is a food of animal origin closely linked to the territory, due to honeybees need the flora to obtain the honey. Melissopalynology plays a significant role in the identification of the distinctive food print of honey throughout its pollen content, being essential for guaranteeing origin. Algeria is the largest country in North Africa and possesses a diversified territory with different ecosystems that host wide plant biodiversity. Apiculture relies heavily on the pollination of plant species and the conservation of biodiversity, but also is a good source of economic income in rural areas. In Algeria, knowledge about plant resources for honey bees and the properties of the honey is raising interest. In this context, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different ecosystems of Algeria, the main pollen types found in the pollen spectra of honey and the principal honey types described.

 Daboia mauritanica (Gray, 1849), Moorish Viper, is native to North Africa. We update the distribution map for this species in Algeria, providing 19 new locality records, filling distribution gaps and significantly expanding the species’ known range. Our updated distribution map reveals a widespread presence of the species in northern Algeria, extending south into the northern Sahara. We note that some historical records in certain provinces remain unconfirmed and/or questionable, indicating the need for further investigation. Our findings underscore the importance of collaboration between researchers and citizen scientists in Algeria.