In this paper, Ni/NiO/Ni multilayers are deposited on glass substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering, where the structural and morphological properties are analyzed using X-ray diffraction besides scanning electron microscopy techniques. The associated magnetic hysteresis loops are obtained by vibrating sample magnetometer for temperatures ranging from - 100 to 300 °C. Hence, the parameters α, β, Bmax, HC, and Br defining a hysteresis loop are determined at each temperature using Preisach model for the first two parameters, while the remaining ones are deduced experimentally. The set of these parameters are introduced within the training data set in the context of an ANFIS-based approach to predict the hysteresis loop of a Ni/NiO/Ni multilayer for any temperature below the Curie temperature. The comparison conducted between theoretical and experimental results showed a good agreement. This work provided more insights regarding the consolidation of experimental characterization with the development of soft computing-based frameworks.

This paper presents a comparative study between two strategies for the direct torque control (DTC) of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based on wind energy conversion system (WECS). The first method is a conventional direct torque control DTC and it is based on hysteresis controllers where the torque and the flux are regulated by these controllers. The second one is direct torque control by space vector modulation strategy (DTC-SVM) where the torque and flux are regulated by PI controllers. The simulation results are implemented by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The main feature of the proposed (DTC-SVM) strategy is the reduction of torque and flux ripples. The proposed approach can be considered as an alternative solution to the control of PMSG.

This study investigated insect diversity of olive (Olea europaea Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) groves grown in arid and semiarid climates in northeastern Algeria. Using several sampling techniques, a total of 1326 insect specimens were collected and identified into 151 species, 124 genera, 65 families, and 10 orders. Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were quantitatively the most abundant, whereas the dominant functional feeding groups were phytophages then predators. The entomofauna included several olive pests such as Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), and Liothrips oleae Costa (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Although insect diversity parameters recorded for both observed and expected species richness were higher in olive groves grown under semiarid compared with arid climate, the completeness rate of species richness obtained using the nonparametric incidence estimators was higher in arid olive groves. Generalised linear models showed that the number of individuals and species richness varied significantly between climates (P < 0.01), whereas the variation of the rest of diversity parameters was not significant. Diversity traits of insect assemblage of each climatic region were positively correlated. Besides, the Mantel permutation test revealed similar patterns (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001) between correlation matrices of the two climates. When increasing the number of samples, species richness extrapolation revealed that diversity is expected to increase by 130% in olive groves grown under arid climate and 93% in semiarid climate. These increases are related to continuous appearance of rare and scarce insects as demonstrated by species rarefaction curves. Even with high evenness values of insect communities, similarity was low between climate indicating the rarity and scarcity of populations.