Wetlands are present within intricate ecological settings, exhibiting dynamic changes over time and across different areas with regard to their functional and structural diversity. Several approaches have been introduced for ecosystem analysis and management since 1990s, where Driver – Pressure – State – Impact – Response (DPSIR) framework is one of the widely used approaches for assessing and managing environmental problems. In this study, we proposed a DPSIR framework as a model in the Sebkhates of Aures wetland complex (SAWC, Northeast of Algeria), in order to create a regional wetland observatory to deliver ecosystem services within current state of changes resulted from socioeconomic drivers. DPSIR facilitates the identification of essential indicators to detect threats to the Sebkahtes of Aures wetlands complex (SAWC), influencing policymakers to enhance the protection and management of these wetlands. In line with the established DPSIR framework. This same approach and methodology could be applied to the other 15 wetlands complexes known in Algeria, culminating in the creation of a national wetland observatory. Furthermore, DPSIR can be employed as an analytical tool for policy making in the context of sustainable management of wetland ecosystems and can serve as a model in the establishment and development of various observatory programs in Algeria.

Le présent article propose une étude portant sur l’œuvre « Simorgh » de Mohamed Dib. L’auteur nous présente une œuvre marquée par une ivresse moderniste et utopique sous une nouvelle forme qui escamote toutes les règles, pour offrir une hybridité, un éclatement, une fragmentation ; En somme une œuvre riche, tant au niveau de la forme qu’au niveau du fond. Sa construction apparemment erratique n’est en réalité que le signe, mais surtout l’appel à explorer sa richesse pluridimensionnelle, tel l’oiseau mythique dont l’esprit habite subtilement l’œuvre se donnant pour mission cette quête qui semble savoir intrinsèquement que ce que le cherche au dehors de soi est plutôt dedans.

Le présent article propose une étude portant sur l’œuvre « Simorgh » de Mohamed Dib. L’auteur nous présente une œuvre marquée par une ivresse moderniste et utopique sous une nouvelle forme qui escamote toutes les règles, pour offrir une hybridité, un éclatement, une fragmentation ; En somme une œuvre riche, tant au niveau de la forme qu’au niveau du fond. Sa construction apparemment erratique n’est en réalité que le signe, mais surtout l’appel à explorer sa richesse pluridimensionnelle, tel l’oiseau mythique dont l’esprit habite subtilement l’œuvre se donnant pour mission cette quête qui semble savoir intrinsèquement que ce que le cherche au dehors de soi est plutôt dedans.

Les pratiques langagières réalisées sur le web, en particulier sur les réseaux sociaux et précisément dans un espace techno-discursif algérien, connaissent une effervescence impressionnante. En effet, une accélération imposante est constatée dans les interactions en ligne. Toutes ces transformations sont le fruit de l’association de la machine et de l’outil informatique aux compétences langagières des internautes. Ces pratiques ont favorisé la possibilité d’aller très vite dans la communication en ligne, ainsi que dans la qualité du message produit qui est de plus en plus proche au message fait dans la communication ordinaire.Language practices carried out on the web, in particular on social networks and precisely in an Algerian techno-discursive space, are experiencing an impressive effervescence. Indeed, an imposing acceleration is observed in online interactions. All these transformations are the result of the association of machines and IT tools with the language skills of Internet users. These practices have favored the possibility of going very quickly in online communication, as well as in the quality of the message produced, which is increasingly close to the message made in ordinary communication.

Since 2011,Syria has witnessed a furious civil war that has resulted in a dangerous humanitarian crisis. Thousands of Syrians were obliged to leave Syria searching for a decent life.Some of these refugees succeeded in reaching their destination while others lost their lives.This paper seeks to investigate the representation of Syrian refugees in media discourse. More specifically, it aims to analysethe linguistic and discursive strategies employed by CNN andAl Jazeera in their representations of Syrian refugees through analyzing two articles published in 2015.It is a qualitative study that adopts Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) drawing on the social discoursal framework of Norman Fairclough. The results revealed that there is no neutral representation, and that both channels dehumanized Syrian refugees by representing them as great masses of vulnerable people.

Since 2011,Syria has witnessed a furious civil war that has resulted in a dangerous humanitarian crisis. Thousands of Syrians were obliged to leave Syria searching for a decent life.Some of these refugees succeeded in reaching their destination while others lost their lives.This paper seeks to investigate the representation of Syrian refugees in media discourse. More specifically, it aims to analysethe linguistic and discursive strategies employed by CNN andAl Jazeera in their representations of Syrian refugees through analyzing two articles published in 2015.It is a qualitative study that adopts Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) drawing on the social discoursal framework of Norman Fairclough. The results revealed that there is no neutral representation, and that both channels dehumanized Syrian refugees by representing them as great masses of vulnerable people.

Enterprises have always given great importance to business process management to be competitive and profitable. With the advent of cloud computing, other opportunities are given to these enterprises to execute their business processes with minimal cost in a very short time. Business processes (BPs) are modelled using specific languages. BPMN is the most popular of these languages. However, its current version does not support process modelling for eventual execution in the cloud. Resource management, risk management, deployment, and security are key concepts in cloud computing that a modelling language must support. This paper presents an extension of the BPMN language for modelling business processes in the cloud, integrating the concept of security to secure cloud execution. The use of our new proposed architecture and models for secure BPs is illustrated by a real-life example that demonstrates how our extension is used to define/enforce actual security requirements.

Enterprises have always given great importance to business process management to be competitive and profitable. With the advent of cloud computing, other opportunities are given to these enterprises to execute their business processes with minimal cost in a very short time. Business processes (BPs) are modelled using specific languages. BPMN is the most popular of these languages. However, its current version does not support process modelling for eventual execution in the cloud. Resource management, risk management, deployment, and security are key concepts in cloud computing that a modelling language must support. This paper presents an extension of the BPMN language for modelling business processes in the cloud, integrating the concept of security to secure cloud execution. The use of our new proposed architecture and models for secure BPs is illustrated by a real-life example that demonstrates how our extension is used to define/enforce actual security requirements.

Enterprises have always given great importance to business process management to be competitive and profitable. With the advent of cloud computing, other opportunities are given to these enterprises to execute their business processes with minimal cost in a very short time. Business processes (BPs) are modelled using specific languages. BPMN is the most popular of these languages. However, its current version does not support process modelling for eventual execution in the cloud. Resource management, risk management, deployment, and security are key concepts in cloud computing that a modelling language must support. This paper presents an extension of the BPMN language for modelling business processes in the cloud, integrating the concept of security to secure cloud execution. The use of our new proposed architecture and models for secure BPs is illustrated by a real-life example that demonstrates how our extension is used to define/enforce actual security requirements.

La verbalisation métagraphique, inspirée des entretiens d’explicitation de Vermersch (1991) favorise la métacognition. En effet, le scripteur est conduit à réfléchir à la fois sur la langue écrite comme objet d’étude et sur son propre fonctionnement. Ceci nous conduit à nous demander : Quelle méthodologie mettre en place afin d’accompagner les scripteurs, à savoir des étudiants universitaires dans le retour réflexif sur le fonctionnement de la langue ? Partant de l’analyse de verbalisations métagraphiques menées avec lesdits étudiants, nous postulons à ce titre, que l’accent serait mis sur une méthodologie qui pourrait être transposée dans le milieu institutionnel et ce, afin d’aider les scripteurs à expliciter leurs cheminements cognitifs voire, leurs choix orthographiques. Abstract: The metagraphic verbalization, inspired by Vermersch's explanatory interviews (1991), promotes metacognition. Indeed, the writer is led to reflect both on the written language as an object of study and on its own functioning. This leads us to ask ourselves: Which methodology should be set up to accompany the writers, namely university students, in the reflective feedback on the functioning of the language? Starting from the analysis of metagraphic verbalizations conducted with these students, we postulate that the emphasis would be placed on a methodology that could be transposed in the institutional environment in order to help writers to explain their cognitive processes or even their spelling choices.

La verbalisation métagraphique, inspirée des entretiens d’explicitation de Vermersch (1991) favorise la métacognition. En effet, le scripteur est conduit à réfléchir à la fois sur la langue écrite comme objet d’étude et sur son propre fonctionnement. Ceci nous conduit à nous demander : Quelle méthodologie mettre en place afin d’accompagner les scripteurs, à savoir des étudiants universitaires dans le retour réflexif sur le fonctionnement de la langue ? Partant de l’analyse de verbalisations métagraphiques menées avec lesdits étudiants, nous postulons à ce titre, que l’accent serait mis sur une méthodologie qui pourrait être transposée dans le milieu institutionnel et ce, afin d’aider les scripteurs à expliciter leurs cheminements cognitifs voire, leurs choix orthographiques. Abstract: The metagraphic verbalization, inspired by Vermersch's explanatory interviews (1991), promotes metacognition. Indeed, the writer is led to reflect both on the written language as an object of study and on its own functioning. This leads us to ask ourselves: Which methodology should be set up to accompany the writers, namely university students, in the reflective feedback on the functioning of the language? Starting from the analysis of metagraphic verbalizations conducted with these students, we postulate that the emphasis would be placed on a methodology that could be transposed in the institutional environment in order to help writers to explain their cognitive processes or even their spelling choices.

Notre article est une étude littéraire qui s’articule autour d’une composante importante du texte littéraire ; le personnage romanesque. Ce concept que nous allons explorer dans trois textes : le Festin Nu de William Burroughs. La Morsure du Coquelicot de Sarah haidar, et Archéologie du Chaos (amoureux) de Mustapha Benfodil. Notre étude vise à rechercher le lien intertextuel, en l’occurrence le personnage révolté, entre les trois romans. Plusieurs renvois dans les deux textes algériens au texte américain, nous ont poussé à s’interroger sur ce lien qui pourrait les rassembler. Cette étude va être à la lumière des théories faites par Roland Barthes et Kristeva sur l’intertextualité, aussi les travaux de Philippe Hamon et Vincent Jouve sur le personnage romanesque.

Agriculture is a crucial element to build a strong economy, not only because of its importance in providing food, but also as a source of raw materials for industry as well as source of energy. Different diseases affect plants, which leads to decrease in productivity. In recent years, developments in computing technology and machine-learning algorithms (such as deep neural networks) in the field of agriculture have played a great role to face this problem by building early detection tools. In this paper, we propose an automatic plant disease classification based on a low complexity convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture, which leads to faster on-line classification. For the training process, we used more than one 57,000 tomato leaf images representing nine classes, taken under natural environment, and considered during training without background subtraction. The designed model achieves 97.04% classification accuracy and less than 0.2 error, which shows a high accuracy in distinguishing a disease from another.

Agriculture is a crucial element to build a strong economy, not only because of its importance in providing food, but also as a source of raw materials for industry as well as source of energy. Different diseases affect plants, which leads to decrease in productivity. In recent years, developments in computing technology and machine-learning algorithms (such as deep neural networks) in the field of agriculture have played a great role to face this problem by building early detection tools. In this paper, we propose an automatic plant disease classification based on a low complexity convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture, which leads to faster on-line classification. For the training process, we used more than one 57,000 tomato leaf images representing nine classes, taken under natural environment, and considered during training without background subtraction. The designed model achieves 97.04% classification accuracy and less than 0.2 error, which shows a high accuracy in distinguishing a disease from another.

هدفت الدراسة الآنية إلى البحث عن إمكانية وجود فروق في الذكاء الانفعالي عند التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين للأنشطة الرياضية الترويحية، و اعتمدت دراستنا على عينة قدرها 84 تلميذا متمدرسين بمتوسطة أحمد بوعكاز –صالح باي- سطيف. و بعد معالجة المتغيرات نظريا اعتمدنا على المنهج الوصفي ذو التصميم المقارن ، موظفين مقياس الذكاء الانفعالي لصاحبه أحمد علوان الذي تم تكييفه في البيئة الجزائرية و بعد إجراء المعالجة الإحصائية الوصفية و الاستدلالية المتمثلة في المتوسط الحسابي و الانحراف المعياري و اختبار T)) لمجموعتين مستقلتين. وقد توصلت دراستنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج تقر بعدم وجود فروق بين التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين في جميع أبعاد الذكاء الانفعالي سواء معرفة الانفعالات، تنظيم الانفعالات، التعاطف و التواصل الاجتماعي.

هدفت الدراسة الآنية إلى البحث عن إمكانية وجود فروق في الذكاء الانفعالي عند التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين للأنشطة الرياضية الترويحية، و اعتمدت دراستنا على عينة قدرها 84 تلميذا متمدرسين بمتوسطة أحمد بوعكاز –صالح باي- سطيف. و بعد معالجة المتغيرات نظريا اعتمدنا على المنهج الوصفي ذو التصميم المقارن ، موظفين مقياس الذكاء الانفعالي لصاحبه أحمد علوان الذي تم تكييفه في البيئة الجزائرية و بعد إجراء المعالجة الإحصائية الوصفية و الاستدلالية المتمثلة في المتوسط الحسابي و الانحراف المعياري و اختبار T)) لمجموعتين مستقلتين. وقد توصلت دراستنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج تقر بعدم وجود فروق بين التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين في جميع أبعاد الذكاء الانفعالي سواء معرفة الانفعالات، تنظيم الانفعالات، التعاطف و التواصل الاجتماعي.

Le présent article met en jeu un objectif bien précis, celui de nous interroger sur le rôle des questions argumentatives et de cerner leurs relations avec l’évolution argumentative des thèmes mis en délibération onusienne. Le corpus d’analyse est un recueil de comptes rendus analytiques « textes officiels » qui ont été récoltés sur le site officiel des Nations Unies. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la conception de l’interaction argumentative telle qu’elle a été définie par Christian Plantin. Ce modèle s’accorde parfaitement avec une analyse du dialogue onusien. Dans ce travail nous visons à présenter le statut argumentatif et interactionnel de la question argumentative. This article brings in a very precise objective that allows us to interrogate the role of argumentative questions, and to identify their relations with the argumentative evolution of themes provided in the United Nations’ deliberation. The corpus of analysis is a collection of analytic reports “official texts”, which were collected from the UN’s official website. Our work falls under to the conception of argumentative interaction such as the one defined by Christian Plantin. This model corresponds perfectly with the UN’s dialogue analysis. In this work, we aim to present the argumentative and interactional statuses of argumentative questions.

Le présent article met en jeu un objectif bien précis, celui de nous interroger sur le rôle des questions argumentatives et de cerner leurs relations avec l’évolution argumentative des thèmes mis en délibération onusienne. Le corpus d’analyse est un recueil de comptes rendus analytiques « textes officiels » qui ont été récoltés sur le site officiel des Nations Unies. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la conception de l’interaction argumentative telle qu’elle a été définie par Christian Plantin. Ce modèle s’accorde parfaitement avec une analyse du dialogue onusien. Dans ce travail nous visons à présenter le statut argumentatif et interactionnel de la question argumentative. This article brings in a very precise objective that allows us to interrogate the role of argumentative questions, and to identify their relations with the argumentative evolution of themes provided in the United Nations’ deliberation. The corpus of analysis is a collection of analytic reports “official texts”, which were collected from the UN’s official website. Our work falls under to the conception of argumentative interaction such as the one defined by Christian Plantin. This model corresponds perfectly with the UN’s dialogue analysis. In this work, we aim to present the argumentative and interactional statuses of argumentative questions.

An effective Food Traceability System (FTS) in a Food Supply Chain (FSC) should adequately provide all necessary information to the consumer(s), meet the requirements of the relevant agencies, and improve food safety as well as consumer confidence. New information and communication technologies are rapidly advancing, especially after the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). Consequently, new food traceability systems have become mainly based on IoT. Many studies have been conducted on food traceability. They mainly focused on the practical implementation and theoretical concepts. Accordingly, various definitions, technologies, and principles have been proposed. The “traceability” concept has been defined in several ways and each new definition has tried to generalize its previous ones. Nevertheless, no standard definition has been reached. Furthermore, the architecture of IoT-based food traceability systems has not yet been standardized. Similarly, used technologies in this field have not been yet well classified. This article presents an analysis of the existing definitions of food traceability, and thus proposes a new one that aims to be simpler, general, and encompassing than the previous ones. We also propose, through this article, a new architecture for IoT-based food traceability systems as well as a new classification of technologies used in this context. We do not miss discussing the applications of different technologies and future trends in the field of IoT-based food traceability systems. Mainly, an FTS can make use of three types of technologies: Identification and Monitoring Technologies (IMT), Communication Technologies (CT), and Data Management Technologies (DMT). Improving a food traceability system requires the use of the best new technologies. There is a variety of promising technologies today to enhance FTS, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems and distributed ledger technology (DLT).

An effective Food Traceability System (FTS) in a Food Supply Chain (FSC) should adequately provide all necessary information to the consumer(s), meet the requirements of the relevant agencies, and improve food safety as well as consumer confidence. New information and communication technologies are rapidly advancing, especially after the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). Consequently, new food traceability systems have become mainly based on IoT. Many studies have been conducted on food traceability. They mainly focused on the practical implementation and theoretical concepts. Accordingly, various definitions, technologies, and principles have been proposed. The “traceability” concept has been defined in several ways and each new definition has tried to generalize its previous ones. Nevertheless, no standard definition has been reached. Furthermore, the architecture of IoT-based food traceability systems has not yet been standardized. Similarly, used technologies in this field have not been yet well classified. This article presents an analysis of the existing definitions of food traceability, and thus proposes a new one that aims to be simpler, general, and encompassing than the previous ones. We also propose, through this article, a new architecture for IoT-based food traceability systems as well as a new classification of technologies used in this context. We do not miss discussing the applications of different technologies and future trends in the field of IoT-based food traceability systems. Mainly, an FTS can make use of three types of technologies: Identification and Monitoring Technologies (IMT), Communication Technologies (CT), and Data Management Technologies (DMT). Improving a food traceability system requires the use of the best new technologies. There is a variety of promising technologies today to enhance FTS, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems and distributed ledger technology (DLT).