The exposure to nickel chloride (NiCl2) can cause hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity and canaffect development. The present study pertains to the protective effect of selenium (Se) against NiCl2-induced toxicity in preimplanted Wistar albino rats. The subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 25 or 50 mg/kg of NiCl2 to Wistar albino rats on day 3 of gestation induced an immediate and significant decrease in maternal body weight and anemia 2 days after treatment. In addition, an increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed. These effects were maintained on day 20 of gestation. Moreover, a significant increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed with the administration of 25 mg/kg of NiCl2. Conversely, administration of 50 mg/kg of NiCl2 by s.c. injection increased erythropoiesis at day 20 of gestation and decreased platelets counts. In addition, administration of 100 mg/kg of NiCl2 markedly reduced the maternal body weight and number of live fetuses and increased fetal loss, predominantly at the end of the experimental period. All dose levels of NiCl2 caused an alteration in the hepatic histoarchitecture. When 0.3-mg/kg Se was injected s.c. with 100-mg/kg NiCl2, the levels of plasma AST and ALT and the structure of the liver were restored. Administration of 20 mg/L/day of NiCl2 in the drinking water significantly reduced the maternal body weight at day five of gestation as well as erythropoiesis during the exposure period. The present study suggests that Se can counteract the nocuous effect of nickel on the liver; however this antioxidant did not prevent alterations in development and erythropoiesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.

Cet article rapporte une étude numérique et analytique de la convection naturelle au sein d’une cavité horizontale remplie par un fluide non newtonien. Les parois horizontales sont soumises à un flux de chaleur uniforme et celles verticales sont adiabatiques. Trois conditions hydrodynamiques sur les frontières horizontales (rigide-rigide (RR), libre-libre (FF) et rigide-libre (RF)) sont considérées. Un modèle rhéologique de type loi de puissance est utilisé pour modéliser le comportement non newtonien du fluide. Pour mener à bien cette étude un code de calcul numérique, basé sur la méthode des différences finies, a été adopté et un modèle analytique de type écoulement parallèle valable pour les couches minces ( A>>1) a été développé.

This paper presents the impact of three series Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, namely the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), GTO Controlled Series Capacitor (GCSC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR), on the short circuit calculations of a 400 kV electrical transmission line in case of a phase to earth fault in the presence of a fault resistance (RF). The case study is a 400 kV single transmission line in the northern Algerian transmission network which is compensated by each of the three mentioned FACTS devices, consequently. Each compensator is connected at the midpoint of the line to control the reactive power and reactance of the line. The obtained simulations results investigate the impact of the fault resistance, which varies between 0 to 50 Ω, on the parameters of short circuit calculations, without compensation and with each FACTS device. The obtained simulation results match the presented theoretical analysis.