Copper(I)-zeolites, especially copper(I)-ultra stable Y zeolite (USY), are very efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the coupling of functionalized 1-bromoalkynes and various nitrogen derivatives. Under these conditions, sulfonylated alkyl- or arylamines and various N-heterocycles, such as oxazolidinones or indoles, could be efficiently transformed into the corresponding N-alkynyl derivatives. However, imidazoles gave addition products rather than coupling products. The reaction conditions proved compatible with a variety of functional and protecting groups. Such zeolitic catalysts can be recycled and reused at least five times without significant deactivation. Low catalyst loading could be used (4 mol%) and as low as 0.8 mol% of this heterogeneous copper catalyst still gave good conversion and yields.    

• This paper describes an algorithm for reformulation of XQuery queries. The mediation is based on an essential component called mediator. The main role of the mediator is to reformulate a user query, written in terms of global schema, in queries written in terms of sources schemas. Our algorithm is based on the principle of logical equivalence, simple and complex unification, to obtain a better reformulation. It takes as parameter the query XQuery, the global schema (written in XMLSchema), mappings GLAV and gives as a result a query written in terms of sources schemas. The results of implementation show the proper functioning of the algorithm.
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The information in its audio form represents a large mass of data. The manipulation of this mass requires an automation. The goal of our work is to detect the reuse of audio information in other sequences, like the reuse of a press dispatch. People find difficulties in the use of information in his audio format and especially in the search for an audio sequence in different places. In order to help people, we focus our work on the problem of finding an audio subsequence in a distributed audio database. The search will be in voice mode where the user dictates a text into microphone. The goal is to receive the text dictated by user from the microphone and compare it with all sequences of the database and then returns the closest sequence to the dictated one. This goal requires a great work which will be proposed as a doctoral subject. In this paper we propose to acquire the query by playing a sequence of the database and to capture it by microphone. This paper presents a new system that identifies an audio subsequence using basic audio descriptors. Each audio document of corpus is pre-processed before the extraction of a set of basic audio descriptors, which characterize the temporal and the spectral information. Therefore, an audio signal is represented by a sequence of characteristics called in this paper "audio fingerprint". The search process is based on a new concept called “interference wave”. This wave is generated from the content of audio signals, and used to calculate the similarity rate between two audio signals.