Heat transfer by convection occurs in various domains such as atmospheric flows, exchangers, passive air conditioning, etc.…For example, in passiveair conditioning, theheat transfer rateat alateral wallof an enclosure can be enhanced if the surface is not flat. Indeed, it is well known that a rough surface allows increasing the heat transfer. Such rough surface can be obtained with the use of protuberances on walls. The purpose of this study is to investigate, numerically in 2D, the effect of rough surfaces at the vertical walls on heat and mass transfers in an enclosure. As boundary conditions, the vertical walls of this enclosure are subject to a uniform heat flux and horizontal walls are supposed to be adiabatic. The numerical modeling, used by us, is briefly described below. The rough surfaces are described as sinusoidal profiles which are transformed, using a homotopic transformation, into a flat plate. Governing equations are discredited using the finite volume method and the resolution is obtained by the THOMAS algorithm. The coupling of the velocity and pressure fields is achieved using the SIMPLE algorithm. The effect ofthe formofprotuberances, and the imposed heat flux at a vertical wall, on streamlines and temperature fields has been considered. The first obtained results are in agreement with previous experimental and numerical results, showing thus that our modeling is accurate. The first results are a validation of code are in agreement with previous experimental, numerical, and software Fluent showingthat our model is accurate

Santolina is a small genus of the large subfamily Asteraceae of the family Compositae. Species of this genus are used in folk medicine as anthelmintic, antispasmodic, and antifectious agent [1]. Sesquiterpene lactones and volatile terpenes have been isolated from the Spanish subspecies S. rosmarinifolia subsp. canescens, S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, and S. chamaecyparissus [2, 3, 4, 5]. Terpenes and acetylene derivatives were reported from the roots of S. corsica [6], but no flavonoids have been reported from these two subspecies. The Algerian species S. rosmarinifolia L. [7] has not been the subject of any phytochemical study. It will be interesting to investigate the presence of 6-methoxyflavones previously reported from S. chamaecyparissus [8, 9]. The aerial parts of S. rosmarinifolia were collected on may 2008 in the region of Batna (North Eastern Algerian) [7]. The voucher specimen was identified by Prof. Gerard De Belair (University Badji-Mokhtar, Annaba) and was...

In order to investigate the prevalence of rickettsioses in febrile exanthemas in eastern Algeria, we conducted a prospective serological analysis of all patients presenting with this clinical picture at the Infectious Diseases Department in the Batna Hospital from January 2000 to September 2006. One hundred and eight adult patients were included in the study, 46% of whom younger than 25 years, and 72.5% were admitted from May to September. Patients were tested for antibodies to Rickettsia conorii conorii, R. conorii israelensis, R. aeschlimannii, R. felis, R. sibirica mongolitimonae, R. africae, R. massiliae, R. typhi, and R. prowazekii using microimmunofluorescence and Western blot as confirmation procedure. Both methods confirmed the diagnosis ofMediterranean spotted fever in 5 patients (4.6%), flea spotted fever in 2 patients (1.9%), and R. aeschlimannii infection in 2 patients (1.9%). In addition, 4 patients were diagnosed as having murine typhus (3.7%) and one with epidemic typhus (0.9%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report ofR. felis infection and R. aeschlimannii infection in Algeria. In conclusion, at least 5 different kinds of rickettsiosis coexist in eastern Algeria and, being responsible for 13% of cases of febrile exanthemas, should be considered among major causes of this clinical picture in this area. In addition, we emphasize the high incidence of typhus group rickettioses, includingepidemic typhus, in this area.