Electrochemical methods, weight loss and surface analysis technique were used to study the effect of glutamic acid on the corrosion of Fe-19Cr stainless steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Results revealed that the corrosion inhibition of glutamic acid of Fe-19Cr in 1 M HCl was enhanced in the presence of the iodide ions due to synergistic effect. In the absence of KI, the inhibition of Fe-19Cr corrosion by glutamic acid was glutamic acid concentration dependent. Potentiodynamic polarization curves demonstrated that glutamic acid acts as a mixed type inhibitor. Self-Assembled Monolayers of glutamic acid were able to protect stainless steel from corrosion effectively. The adsorption of the inhibitor onto the stainless steel surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The value of free energy of the adsorption indicated that there is a physical interaction between the glutamic acid and the stainless steel surface.

During turning operations, tool-part-chip contact causes wear to the cutting tool. The objective of this work is to study the wear of the clearance faces of tungsten carbide cutting tools during turning operations. Experimental tests on tool life for dry turning operations were carried out at four different cutting speeds, where the feed rate and the depth of cut are kept at constant values: 0.08 mm/rev for feed rate and 0.5 mm for depth of cut. An analysis of the influence of cutting parameters on the tools wear and consequently tool life (Τ) was presented, then the roughness of the machined surface Ra and the morphology of the chips produced were studied. This study makes it possible to identify that the wear mechanisms and the tool life are strongly linked to the roughness of the machined surfaces and to the morphology of the chips produced during the turning operations.

Today, and to quickly meet the high demands of variability, supply chain efficiency and energy optimization, business markets are looking for modern manufacturing technologies and as a solution, industry 4.0 is using the benefits of integrating modern manufacturing technologies and information systems to promote production capabilities. In this context, intelligent industry represents a new generation of automatic production systems based on the concepts of intelligent industry, intelligent manufacturing, control and intelligent inspection, such as inspection on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). This technology allows many machines to be integrated into a plant and controlled online using the MBD (Model Based Design) quality system. The problem of conformity of parts with complex geometry is becoming more and more important. The objective of this work is to present a 3D inspection technique on a virtual model (MBD: Model Based Design), using a coordinate measuring machine equipped with a “POWER INSPECT” measurement and inspection software. The interest of this technique is to show the impact of the dimensional inspection and geometric tolerance process of the CAD model for the CAI (Computer aided Inspection) approach on the fidelity of the finished product for additive manufacturing (AM) including intelligent industry.

The coflex Interlaminar Technology is an interlaminar stabilization device indicated for use in one or two level lumbar stenosis from L1-L5. It is used in skeletally mature patients with at least moderate impairment in function who experience relief in flexion from their symptoms of leg/buttocks/groin pain, with or without back pain, and who have undergone at least 6 months of non-operative treatment. Our study is focused on the evaluation and biomechanical analysis of osteosynthesis implants and in particular the Corflex-F implant to redefine a new approach to the "Coflex" interspinatus implant using particles swarm optimisation for additive manufacturing, then to study these biomechanical performances.

This paper studies aquifer’s hydrodynamic behavior by combining a flow-simulation model with transmissivity optimization (cokriging) in order to provide an optimal management scheme for the groundwater aquifer. The use of a cokriging approach improves the transmissivity data which are insufficient for the database of the groundwater flow simulation model. The obtained results are then used to model the groundwater flow of the Tebessa-Morsott shallow aquifer, located in NE Algeria, under a steady and transient regime. The results of the model calibration for the steady-state (year 2010) show that the recharge by rainfall and leakage rate are similar compared to those calculated by the analytical approach, (84,354 m3/day for the recharge and 36,986 m3/day for pumped water flow rate). The results of the transient regime show the alluvial aquifer affected by large drawdowns reaching 40 m over 20 years (year 2030 scenario) due to increase in water exploitation from pumping wells to answer water needs of the Tebessa region.

This study investigates the multiple contamination sources of a coastal Mediterranean aquifer in northeastern Algeria that is bordered by two rivers and neighboring densely populated areas. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic groundwater characterization is carried out, including the analyses of major elements, water stable isotopes δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O, and stable isotopes of nitrate δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3, and then integrated into the history of land use over the study area. Groundwater nitrate concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 235 mg/L with a median value of 69 mg/L are evidence of the degradation of groundwater quality induced by anthropogenic sources. The combined of δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 ratios showed that nitrate in groundwater is attributable to (i) the uncontrolled development of inadequate private sanitation systems over the study area, and (ii) the unsafe application of animal manure to fertilize crops. Very active saltwater intrusion is confirmed by several hydrogeochemical indicators. Interestingly, the intrusion mechanism appears to be more complex than a direct intrusion from the Mediterranean Sea. During the high-water period, saltwater intrusion may also originate from the two rivers bordering the aquifer, via upstream migration of seawater through the river mouths. The heavier ratios in δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O of surface water collected from the rivers suggest that water from the Mediterranean Sea is mixing with water in the rivers. Multi-source contamination not only contributes to complex chemical reactions within the aquifer, but also contributes, via the cumulative effect of the various sources, to affecting large parts of the study area. The present study may serve as a warning to the effect that historical land-use practices may exert seriously deleterious impacts on groundwater quality and greatly limit conditions for the sustainable management of Mediterranean coastal areas.

In this paper, we consider a coupled system of two nonlinearhyperbolic equations with variable-exponents in the damping and sourceterms. Under suitable assumptions on the intial data and the variableexponents, we prove a global existence theorem, using the Stable-setmethod. Then, we establish a decay estimate of the solution energy, byKomornik’s integral approach.

In this paper, we present a new technique for constructing a nonstationary wavelet. The key idea relies on the following: for each wavelet level, we solve the Bezout’s equation and we propose a positive solution over the interval [–1, 1]. Using the Bernstein’s polynomials we approximate this proposed positive solution with the intention to perform a spectral factorization.

In this paper, we consider a nonlinear wave equation with damping and source terms of variable-exponent types. First, we use the stable-set method to prove a global result. Then, by applying an integral inequality due to Komornik, we obtain the stability result.

The current paper is principally motivated by establishing the global wellposedness to the three-dimensional Boussinesq system with zero diffusivity in thesetting of axisymmetric flows without swirling with v0 ∈ H12(R3) ∩ B˙ 30,1(R3) anddensity ρ0 ∈ L2(R3)∩B˙ 30,1(R3). This respectively enhances the two results recentlyaccomplished in Danchin and Paicu (2008) and Hmidi and Rousset (2010). Ourformalism is inspired, in particular for the first part from Abidi (2008) concerningthe axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations once v0 ∈ H12(R3) and external forcef ∈ L2 loc(R+; Hβ(R3)), with β > 1 4 . This latter regularity on f which is thedensity in our context is helpless to achieve the global estimates for Boussinesqsystem. This technical defect forces us to deal once again with a similar proof tothat of Abidi (2008) but with f ∈ Lβ loc(R+; L2(R3)) for some β > 4. Second, weexplore the gained regularity on the density by considering it as an external forcein order to apply the study already obtained to the Boussinesq system.

The contribution of this paper will be focused on the global existence and uniqueness topic in three-dimensional case of the axisymmetric viscous Boussinesq system in critical Lebesgue spaces. We aim at deriving analogous results for the classical two-dimensional and three-dimensional axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations recently obtained in [19, 20]. Roughly speaking, we show essentially that if the initial data (v0; ρ0) is axisymmetricand (!0; ρ0) belongs to the critical space L1(Ω) ×L1(R3), with !0 is the initialvorticity associated to v0 and Ω = f(r; z) 2 R2 : r > 0g, then the viscousBoussinesq system has a unique global solution.

This papers deal with a new Adaptive Direct Power Control for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator of 1.5 MW. The main feature of the proposed strategy is based on the replacement of the fixed switching table by an adaptive one. The online update of the adaptive switching table depends on the reactive power variation and past switching sequences. The proposed adaptive direct power control is compared with Vector Control and Classical Direct Power Control. The robustness of the proposed control scheme against parameter, load and wind speed variations have done with success. The main performance of the Adaptive Direct Power Control strategy is the reduction of powers ripples, thus reduce of torque ripple on the shaft of the turbine.