Toensureconfidentialityandavoidhumainattacksagainstourdata, we exchange encryption and decryption keys. In our proposal scheme, we use the commutative properties of the product of circular matrices to create a com monencryptionkeybyapplyingtheprotocolof Diffie-Hellmanexchangethrough a classic channel. To raise the security level of our system we have introduced the sensibility of chaotic logistic maps in another exchange protocol which is the BB84throuth a quantum channal.

Toensureconfidentialityandavoidhumainattacksagainstourdata, we exchange encryption and decryption keys. In our proposal scheme, we use the commutative properties of the product of circular matrices to create a com monencryptionkeybyapplyingtheprotocolof Diffie-Hellmanexchangethrough a classic channel. To raise the security level of our system we have introduced the sensibility of chaotic logistic maps in another exchange protocol which is the BB84throuth a quantum channal.

Due to the rapid growth of digital videos and the massive increase in video content, there is an urgent need to develop efficient automatic video content analysis mechanisms for different tasks, namely summarization, retrieval, and classification. In all these applications, one needs to identify shot boundary detection. This paper proposes a novel dual-stage approach for cut transition detection that can withstand certain illumination and motion effects. Firstly, we present a deep neural network model using the pre-trained model combined with long short-term memory LSTM network and the euclidean distance metric. Two parallel pre-trained models sharing the same weights extract the spatial features. Then, these features are fed to the LSTM and the euclidean distance metric to classify the frames into specific categories (similar or not similar). To train the model, we generated a new database containing 5000 frame pairs with two labels (similar, dissimilar) for training and 1000 frame pairs for testing from online videos. Secondly, we adopt the segment selection process to predict the shot boundaries. This preprocessing method can help improve the accuracy and speed of the VSBD algorithm. Then, cut transition detection based on the similarity model is conducted to identify the shot boundaries in the candidate segments. Experimental results on standard databases TRECVid 2001, 2007, and RAI show that the proposed approach achieves better detection rates over the state-of-the-art SBD methods in terms of the F1 score criterion.

Due to the rapid growth of digital videos and the massive increase in video content, there is an urgent need to develop efficient automatic video content analysis mechanisms for different tasks, namely summarization, retrieval, and classification. In all these applications, one needs to identify shot boundary detection. This paper proposes a novel dual-stage approach for cut transition detection that can withstand certain illumination and motion effects. Firstly, we present a deep neural network model using the pre-trained model combined with long short-term memory LSTM network and the euclidean distance metric. Two parallel pre-trained models sharing the same weights extract the spatial features. Then, these features are fed to the LSTM and the euclidean distance metric to classify the frames into specific categories (similar or not similar). To train the model, we generated a new database containing 5000 frame pairs with two labels (similar, dissimilar) for training and 1000 frame pairs for testing from online videos. Secondly, we adopt the segment selection process to predict the shot boundaries. This preprocessing method can help improve the accuracy and speed of the VSBD algorithm. Then, cut transition detection based on the similarity model is conducted to identify the shot boundaries in the candidate segments. Experimental results on standard databases TRECVid 2001, 2007, and RAI show that the proposed approach achieves better detection rates over the state-of-the-art SBD methods in terms of the F1 score criterion.

The complications arising after the transplantation of conventional stents put atherosclerotic cardiovascular patients at high risk. Biodegradable poly-lactic acid (PLA) stents provide practical solutions for diseased vessels (atherosclerotic) and avoid the side complications of vessels and their incompatibility with permanent stents in the long term. PLA is a biodegradable and reliable material that is used for biodegradable stents designs to maintain natural mechanical behaviour in blood vessels. In this study, we suggest a new cross section ‘circular and elliptic’ that are proposed based on basic square shape cross section to study the mechanical behaviour of stents under pulsatile blood pressure in the blood vessels in order to choose the best shape to allow the biodegradability of Absorb stents with Poly-lactic Acid (PLA) material by numerical fatigue study. Three types of cross-sections stents struts have been analysed to compare their mechanical properties in terms of stress, strain, fatigue damage and life cycle. The numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis (FEA) method demonstrate that the elliptical and circular stents design has better efficiency in terms of stress and strain (16.66–33.33%) and fatigue damage (62.4–86.07%) compared to the square design.

The complications arising after the transplantation of conventional stents put atherosclerotic cardiovascular patients at high risk. Biodegradable poly-lactic acid (PLA) stents provide practical solutions for diseased vessels (atherosclerotic) and avoid the side complications of vessels and their incompatibility with permanent stents in the long term. PLA is a biodegradable and reliable material that is used for biodegradable stents designs to maintain natural mechanical behaviour in blood vessels. In this study, we suggest a new cross section ‘circular and elliptic’ that are proposed based on basic square shape cross section to study the mechanical behaviour of stents under pulsatile blood pressure in the blood vessels in order to choose the best shape to allow the biodegradability of Absorb stents with Poly-lactic Acid (PLA) material by numerical fatigue study. Three types of cross-sections stents struts have been analysed to compare their mechanical properties in terms of stress, strain, fatigue damage and life cycle. The numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis (FEA) method demonstrate that the elliptical and circular stents design has better efficiency in terms of stress and strain (16.66–33.33%) and fatigue damage (62.4–86.07%) compared to the square design.

The complications arising after the transplantation of conventional stents put atherosclerotic cardiovascular patients at high risk. Biodegradable poly-lactic acid (PLA) stents provide practical solutions for diseased vessels (atherosclerotic) and avoid the side complications of vessels and their incompatibility with permanent stents in the long term. PLA is a biodegradable and reliable material that is used for biodegradable stents designs to maintain natural mechanical behaviour in blood vessels. In this study, we suggest a new cross section ‘circular and elliptic’ that are proposed based on basic square shape cross section to study the mechanical behaviour of stents under pulsatile blood pressure in the blood vessels in order to choose the best shape to allow the biodegradability of Absorb stents with Poly-lactic Acid (PLA) material by numerical fatigue study. Three types of cross-sections stents struts have been analysed to compare their mechanical properties in terms of stress, strain, fatigue damage and life cycle. The numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis (FEA) method demonstrate that the elliptical and circular stents design has better efficiency in terms of stress and strain (16.66–33.33%) and fatigue damage (62.4–86.07%) compared to the square design.

The complications arising after the transplantation of conventional stents put atherosclerotic cardiovascular patients at high risk. Biodegradable poly-lactic acid (PLA) stents provide practical solutions for diseased vessels (atherosclerotic) and avoid the side complications of vessels and their incompatibility with permanent stents in the long term. PLA is a biodegradable and reliable material that is used for biodegradable stents designs to maintain natural mechanical behaviour in blood vessels. In this study, we suggest a new cross section ‘circular and elliptic’ that are proposed based on basic square shape cross section to study the mechanical behaviour of stents under pulsatile blood pressure in the blood vessels in order to choose the best shape to allow the biodegradability of Absorb stents with Poly-lactic Acid (PLA) material by numerical fatigue study. Three types of cross-sections stents struts have been analysed to compare their mechanical properties in terms of stress, strain, fatigue damage and life cycle. The numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis (FEA) method demonstrate that the elliptical and circular stents design has better efficiency in terms of stress and strain (16.66–33.33%) and fatigue damage (62.4–86.07%) compared to the square design.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Thiacloprid (THI) is a nicotinic receptor agonist widely used as pesticide in Algeria, however it is susceptible to accumulate in various fruits and vegetables and pouringdownstream into food platesandcontributesto the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, several natural compounds are provided with cytoprotective potential and, therefore, are able to act against the harmful effects of toxicants such as pesticides. This study focused on striatum (str) and hippocampus (hipp) mitochondrial toxicityassessment, evaluation of behavioral function and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in rats exposed to THI at low-dose (0.020 mg/kg) for 3 months. In addition, this study examined neuroprotective potential of bitter apricot kernel extract when administered concomitantly with THI at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In current study, assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and swelling, evaluation of mitochondrial redox status, cholinergic function (Ach E) and apoptosis markers (Caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl2, Cytochrome c and cytosolic calcium) were performedin both brainareas, besides behavioral and histopathological examination. The results showed an increase of lipid peroxidation in both of str and hippwith a values of 1,14 ± 0,04nmol/mg of proteins(pr)and 1,58 ± 0,09nmol/mg pr.respectively and a significant decrease in GSH(0,09 ± 0,01mmol/mg pr.in hipp and 0,08±0,01mmol/mg pr. in str), the results also showed a change in the activity of antioxidants enzymes SOD (16,37±1,09UI/mg pr.in hipp14,54±1,46UI/mg pr.in str) , CAT (0,010±0,01UI/mg pr.in hipp and 0,005±0,004UI/mg pr.in str), GPx (0,01± 0,001nmol/mg pr.in both hippand str) and GST (23,73±1,68UI/mg pr.in hipp and 17,56± 1,04UI/mg pr.in str), as well as an abrupt increase in mPTP opening with a value of (0,057±0,005 in str and 0,054±0,005 in hipp) , which leaded to mitochondrial swelling where the level o mitochondrial swelling was (0,016±0,002 in str and 0,106±0,003 in hipp), the swelling was associated also with a high releasing of Cyt-c with a values of (4,48 ± 1,26μg/mlin str and 5,32 ± 1,08 μg/mlin hipp ) and Ca++( 2,26±0,06mmol/lin str and 2,32±0,07mmol/lin hipp) into the cytosol, the results also showed a significant decreasing of Bcl2 (16,4 ± 1,86ng/mg prin str and 14,8± 0,82ng/mg prin hipp), in the other hand the rates of caspase-9 were (278±14mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 212 ±24mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), caspase3 (184± 16mAbs/mg pr.)in str and 250 ±14mAbs/mg pr.in hipp), and BAX (0,926ng/mg prin str and 1,189ng/mg prin hipp) were increased. The results of this study revealed also a decrease of memorization processes and learning abilities, at the same time a decrease in Ach E activity (14,02± 0,78 nmol/min/mg pr.in str and 22,35± 1,77 nmol/min/mg pr.in hipp) was recorded. Inversely, bitter apricot kernels extract showed higher cytoprotective potential against THI neurotoxicity, since mitochondrial redox homeostasis and membrane integrity were recovered, cognitive impairment and brain tissue damage were also prevented. In conclusion, THI induced mitochondrial disorders, triggered apoptosis signaling pathway and impaired cognitive functions whichwere prevented by bitter apricot kernels extract when associated with this pesticide.

Direct steam generation (DSG) in parabolic trough solar collectors is a feasible option for economic improvement in solar thermal power generation. Three-dimensional Eulerian two-fluid simulations are performed under OpenFOAM to study the turbulent flow in the evaporation section of the parabolic trough receiver and investigate the phase change, and pressure drop of water as a heat transfer fluid. First, the model's validity has been tested by comparing the numerical results of a laboratory scale boiler with the available correlations and semi-correlations of boiling flows from the literature. Simulations agreed well with Rouhani–Axelsson correlation for horizontal tubes, with a mean relative error of less than 7.1% for all studied cases. However, despite a mean relative error of less than 13.19% compared to the experimental data in the literature, the reported pressure drop factor remains valid; overprediction remains tolerable for most engineering applications. Second, the scaling effect on the mathematical model, from laboratory to commercial-scale configuration, was tested with experimental data of the DISS test loop in Platforma Solar de Almeria, Spain. The Monte Carlo Ray Tracing method under the Tonatiuh package allowed for obtaining the nonuniform heat flux distribution. Due to the large size of the evaporation section in the DISS loop (eight collectors), each collector is considered independently in the simulations. Thus, simulations follow each other, taking the numerical results of each collector output as input data in the next collector and so on until the last. The numerical results showed an excellent agreement for the void fraction with 3.53% against the Rouhani–Axelsson correlation. Frictional pressure losses are within a 17.06% error of the Friedel correlation, in the range of previous work in the literature, and the heat loss is less than 4.69% error versus experimental correlation.