Permanent Ground Deformations (PGD) that follow slope failures caused catastrophic damages on buried pipelines. This paper presents a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the behavior of an 800mm water transport pipeline buried in the Aine-Tine slope (Mila, Algeria) subjected to shallow PGD triggered by the recent earthquake of August 07th, 2020 (M= 4.9). The soil-pipeline interaction was simulated focusing on the effect of (1) the magnitudes of the PGD and (2) the rigidity of the pipeline on the structural response of the pipeline. The pipeline deformations (i.e., translation and ovalization) and radial internal efforts (i.e., axial forces F_A, shear forces F_S, and bending moments M_B) result highlighted that shallow PGD can cause additional loads on pipelines that are proportional to the magnitude of PGD. Moreover, it was found that rigid pipelines are more performant than flexible pipelines. Through a simplified numerical simulation, the study helps engineers and planners to predict the actual causes of pipeline leaks and ruptures leading to severe disruption of their normal operations.

Permanent Ground Deformations (PGD) that follow slope failures caused catastrophic damages on buried pipelines. This paper presents a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the behavior of an 800mm water transport pipeline buried in the Aine-Tine slope (Mila, Algeria) subjected to shallow PGD triggered by the recent earthquake of August 07th, 2020 (M= 4.9). The soil-pipeline interaction was simulated focusing on the effect of (1) the magnitudes of the PGD and (2) the rigidity of the pipeline on the structural response of the pipeline. The pipeline deformations (i.e., translation and ovalization) and radial internal efforts (i.e., axial forces F_A, shear forces F_S, and bending moments M_B) result highlighted that shallow PGD can cause additional loads on pipelines that are proportional to the magnitude of PGD. Moreover, it was found that rigid pipelines are more performant than flexible pipelines. Through a simplified numerical simulation, the study helps engineers and planners to predict the actual causes of pipeline leaks and ruptures leading to severe disruption of their normal operations.

Accessibility of fresh water, the nature’s gift wheels the foremost part of the world economy. The sufficient supplies of water are essential for agriculture, human intake, industry as well as regeneration. The Oued Righ region is located in Algeria’s South-East, specifically in the NorthEast of the Sahara, on the Northern edge of the Grand Erg Oriental and the Southern border of the Aures massif. This area appears as a lower Sahara synclinal basin and is part of a broad North-South trending ditch. It is famous for its date palms, the development of the date culture in this region is attributed not only to the population’s efforts, but above all to the particular climatic conditions, the favorable soil characteristics and the existence of significant groundwater. The aim of this study is to understand the results obtained from using different approaches of water hydrodynamics in the Complex Terminal aquifer. The aquifer’s hydrodynamic characterization was carried out using hydrodynamic parameters and piezometry. As a result, the transmissivity and permeability obtained data using traditional Cooper-Jacob method showed that the flow capacities of the aquifer environment and the productivities of the structures are important in the studied zone where, the highest value of transmissivity equal 2.36× 102-m 2 /sis found in the central part of the study area in El-Meghair. The establishment of piezometric maps reveals a flow direction oriented toward the chott.

Accessibility of fresh water, the nature’s gift wheels the foremost part of the world economy. The sufficient supplies of water are essential for agriculture, human intake, industry as well as regeneration. The Oued Righ region is located in Algeria’s South-East, specifically in the NorthEast of the Sahara, on the Northern edge of the Grand Erg Oriental and the Southern border of the Aures massif. This area appears as a lower Sahara synclinal basin and is part of a broad North-South trending ditch. It is famous for its date palms, the development of the date culture in this region is attributed not only to the population’s efforts, but above all to the particular climatic conditions, the favorable soil characteristics and the existence of significant groundwater. The aim of this study is to understand the results obtained from using different approaches of water hydrodynamics in the Complex Terminal aquifer. The aquifer’s hydrodynamic characterization was carried out using hydrodynamic parameters and piezometry. As a result, the transmissivity and permeability obtained data using traditional Cooper-Jacob method showed that the flow capacities of the aquifer environment and the productivities of the structures are important in the studied zone where, the highest value of transmissivity equal 2.36× 102-m 2 /sis found in the central part of the study area in El-Meghair. The establishment of piezometric maps reveals a flow direction oriented toward the chott.

Accessibility of fresh water, the nature’s gift wheels the foremost part of the world economy. The sufficient supplies of water are essential for agriculture, human intake, industry as well as regeneration. The Oued Righ region is located in Algeria’s South-East, specifically in the NorthEast of the Sahara, on the Northern edge of the Grand Erg Oriental and the Southern border of the Aures massif. This area appears as a lower Sahara synclinal basin and is part of a broad North-South trending ditch. It is famous for its date palms, the development of the date culture in this region is attributed not only to the population’s efforts, but above all to the particular climatic conditions, the favorable soil characteristics and the existence of significant groundwater. The aim of this study is to understand the results obtained from using different approaches of water hydrodynamics in the Complex Terminal aquifer. The aquifer’s hydrodynamic characterization was carried out using hydrodynamic parameters and piezometry. As a result, the transmissivity and permeability obtained data using traditional Cooper-Jacob method showed that the flow capacities of the aquifer environment and the productivities of the structures are important in the studied zone where, the highest value of transmissivity equal 2.36× 102-m 2 /sis found in the central part of the study area in El-Meghair. The establishment of piezometric maps reveals a flow direction oriented toward the chott.

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو معرفة أثر الوحدات التدريبية المقترحة بطريقة التدريب التكراري في التحسين من السرعة الانتقالية والقوة الانفجارية للأطراف السفلية للاعبي فريق كرة اليد للرياضة المدرسية(16-18 سنة)، حيث اعتمد الباحثان المنهج التجريبي، وكانت عينة الدراسة متكونة من 22 لاعبا لكرة اليد، 12 لاعبا مثلوا المجموعة التي أجريت عليهم التجربة الاستطلاعية واستبعدوا بعدها من التجربة الأساسية، و10 لاعبين مثلوا المجموعة التجريبية للدراسة، ودامت هذه التجربة مدة 09 أسابيع بتطبيق وحدات تدريبية بطريقة التدريب التكراري، وقد توصلنا إلى أهم النتائج التي بينت أن الوحدات التدريبية المقترحة بطريقة التدريب التكراري أثرت بصورة إيجابية في تحسين صفتي السرعة الانتقالية والقوة الانفجارية للأطراف السفلية للاعبي فريق كرة اليد للرياضة المدرسية، وأن طريقة التدريب التكراري التي أثبتت فعاليتها في التحسين من صفتي السرعة الانتقالية والقوة الانفجارية للأطراف السفلية.

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو معرفة أثر الوحدات التدريبية المقترحة بطريقة التدريب التكراري في التحسين من السرعة الانتقالية والقوة الانفجارية للأطراف السفلية للاعبي فريق كرة اليد للرياضة المدرسية(16-18 سنة)، حيث اعتمد الباحثان المنهج التجريبي، وكانت عينة الدراسة متكونة من 22 لاعبا لكرة اليد، 12 لاعبا مثلوا المجموعة التي أجريت عليهم التجربة الاستطلاعية واستبعدوا بعدها من التجربة الأساسية، و10 لاعبين مثلوا المجموعة التجريبية للدراسة، ودامت هذه التجربة مدة 09 أسابيع بتطبيق وحدات تدريبية بطريقة التدريب التكراري، وقد توصلنا إلى أهم النتائج التي بينت أن الوحدات التدريبية المقترحة بطريقة التدريب التكراري أثرت بصورة إيجابية في تحسين صفتي السرعة الانتقالية والقوة الانفجارية للأطراف السفلية للاعبي فريق كرة اليد للرياضة المدرسية، وأن طريقة التدريب التكراري التي أثبتت فعاليتها في التحسين من صفتي السرعة الانتقالية والقوة الانفجارية للأطراف السفلية.

Faisant partie intégrante du métier d’enseignant, l’évaluation constitue un acte pédagogique essentiel dans les situations d’enseignement-apprentissage et cela afin de vérifier le niveau linguistique des étudiants lors d’une acquisition réelle dans le but de lancer une formation ou bien clôturer une formation en prenant en compte ses difficultés. Pour notre étude, il s’agit d’une classe de langue étrangère réservée à un public adulte formé d’étudiants de filières différentes, souvent arabisées totalement ou partiellement, et que ce type d’enseignement doit les préparer soit à améliorer leur niveau général soit à leur dispenser un enseignement leur permettant de suivre une spécialisation en Algérie (enseignements en français) ou à l’étranger, notamment en France.

Faisant partie intégrante du métier d’enseignant, l’évaluation constitue un acte pédagogique essentiel dans les situations d’enseignement-apprentissage et cela afin de vérifier le niveau linguistique des étudiants lors d’une acquisition réelle dans le but de lancer une formation ou bien clôturer une formation en prenant en compte ses difficultés. Pour notre étude, il s’agit d’une classe de langue étrangère réservée à un public adulte formé d’étudiants de filières différentes, souvent arabisées totalement ou partiellement, et que ce type d’enseignement doit les préparer soit à améliorer leur niveau général soit à leur dispenser un enseignement leur permettant de suivre une spécialisation en Algérie (enseignements en français) ou à l’étranger, notamment en France.

الهدف من دراستنا هو معرفة محددات عمليتي انتقاء وتوجيه لاعبي كرة القدم نحو مناصب اللعب و من أجل هذا الغرض استخدمنا المنهج الوصفي معتمدا على استبيان طبق على عينة قدرت ب 30 مدرب لفئتي أقل من 15 و 17 سنة لرابطة باتنة الجهوية تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية وتوصلنا في دراستنا إلى أن غالبية المدربين لا يعتمدون على الاختبارات البدنية و الفزيولوجية و القياسات المرفولوجية لانتقاء و توجيه اللعبين نحو مناصب اللعب و يكتفون بالملاحظة البيداغوجية خلال المقابلات التجريبية وبناءا على نتائج الدراسة أوصى طاقم البحث بضرورة وضع بطارية إختبارات موحدة يستند عليها مدربوا الفئات الشبانية في عمليتي الإنتقاء و التوجيه.

The aim of our study is to know the determinants of the processes of selection and orientation of soccer players to playing positions, and for this we used the descriptive approach based on a questionnaire applied to a sample of 30 coaches U15 and U17 of the Regional League of Batna who were selected by random method, and we found that the majority of coaches do not rely on physical and physiological tests and morphological measurements to select and orient players to playing positions, but they are satisfied only with a pedagogical observation through games of selection and orientations, and based on the results of the study, the research group recommended the need to develop a standardized test battery that youth trainers rely on for selection and orientation processes.

يجب ان يتصف لاعب كرة القدم بدرجة عالية من اللياقة البدنية حتى يتمكن من تنفيذ المهام البدنية والمهارية والخططية وتعد السرعة الهوائية القصوى احد اهم متطلبات اللياقة البدنية التي يحتاج اليها لاعب كرة القدم حيث تعتبر مؤشر اللياقة البدنية وسلاحه الاول ولهذا اردنا الوقوف على اهمية السرعة الهوائية القصوى وعلاقتها الوطيدة لتحديد منصب اللعب لدى لاعبي كرة القدم اقل من 19 سنة وذلك بتطبيق اختبار vameval على عينة تمثلت في فئة اواسط فريقي ترجي باركافوراج وفريق جامعة باتانة بمعدل 20 لاعب من كلا الفريقين متوزعين ب 6 لاعبين في الدفاع من كل فريق و 4 لاعبين في الوسط من كل فريق فكانت النتائج كالاتي : لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا في السرعة الهوائية القصوى بين مناصب اللعب في وسط الميدان لدى افراد العينة لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا في السرعة الهوائية القصوى بين مناصب اللعب في الدفاع لدى افراد العينة.

The soccer player must be characterized by a high degree of physical fitness to be able to carry out physical, skill and tactical tasks. The maximum aerobic speed is one of the most important fitness requirements that a soccer player needs. The foot is considered the indicator of physical fitness and its first weapon That is why we wanted to stand on the importance of the maximum aerobic speed and its close relationship to determine the playing position of football players under 19 years old, by applying the vameval test on a sample represented in the middle class of the Esperance Barcaforage teams and the Batna University team with an average of 20 players from both teams distributed with 6 players in defense from Each team and 4 players in the middle of each team, the results were as follows: There is no statistically significant difference in the maximum air speed between the playing positions in the middle of the field among the sample members There is no statistically significant difference in the maximum aerobic speed between the playing positions in defense among the sample members.

يجب ان يتصف لاعب كرة القدم بدرجة عالية من اللياقة البدنية حتى يتمكن من تنفيذ المهام البدنية والمهارية والخططية وتعد السرعة الهوائية القصوى احد اهم متطلبات اللياقة البدنية التي يحتاج اليها لاعب كرة القدم حيث تعتبر مؤشر اللياقة البدنية وسلاحه الاول ولهذا اردنا الوقوف على اهمية السرعة الهوائية القصوى وعلاقتها الوطيدة لتحديد منصب اللعب لدى لاعبي كرة القدم اقل من 19 سنة وذلك بتطبيق اختبار vameval على عينة تمثلت في فئة اواسط فريقي ترجي باركافوراج وفريق جامعة باتانة بمعدل 20 لاعب من كلا الفريقين متوزعين ب 6 لاعبين في الدفاع من كل فريق و 4 لاعبين في الوسط من كل فريق فكانت النتائج كالاتي : لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا في السرعة الهوائية القصوى بين مناصب اللعب في وسط الميدان لدى افراد العينة لايوجد فرق دال احصائيا في السرعة الهوائية القصوى بين مناصب اللعب في الدفاع لدى افراد العينة.

The soccer player must be characterized by a high degree of physical fitness to be able to carry out physical, skill and tactical tasks. The maximum aerobic speed is one of the most important fitness requirements that a soccer player needs. The foot is considered the indicator of physical fitness and its first weapon That is why we wanted to stand on the importance of the maximum aerobic speed and its close relationship to determine the playing position of football players under 19 years old, by applying the vameval test on a sample represented in the middle class of the Esperance Barcaforage teams and the Batna University team with an average of 20 players from both teams distributed with 6 players in defense from Each team and 4 players in the middle of each team, the results were as follows: There is no statistically significant difference in the maximum air speed between the playing positions in the middle of the field among the sample members There is no statistically significant difference in the maximum aerobic speed between the playing positions in defense among the sample members.

The object of this paper is to spotlight a totally new language phenomenon known as The SMS (Short Message Service), in Algerian society, especially the city of Batna, which is gaining field every day with the large use of the mobile phone by all population categories, such as students, young pupils, (even primary schools ones), workers, etc. This research will try to uncover the different abbreviation strategies and techniques used by Algerian users, to gain characters; which means more space on their small screens, time and also money, how do they do to take advantage of a small device; like a mobile phone to express their feelings, ideas, though, how to tell lot with a very few words!? Keywords: SMS; language; abbreviation strategies; mobile phone; users. Résumé : Le présent article, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre des nouvelles pratiques linguistiques électroniques, a pour objectif le langage SMS, dans la société algérienne, plus précisément la ville de Batna. Il semble, en effet, gagner du terrain, avec chaque nouvel usager de la téléphonie mobile. C'est une recherche qui a comme composante élémentaire les stratégies abréviatives des utilisateurs algériens du téléphone portable, en tenant compte du côté scriptural, où nous tenterons de voir comment ils font pour s'exprimer avec le peu de caractères dont ils disposent sur un écran aussi réduit, avec un clavier d'une ergonomie qui laisse à désirer. Les mots clés : langage SMS, téléphonie mobile, écran, clavier réduit, abréviations.

The object of this paper is to spotlight a totally new language phenomenon known as The SMS (Short Message Service), in Algerian society, especially the city of Batna, which is gaining field every day with the large use of the mobile phone by all population categories, such as students, young pupils, (even primary schools ones), workers, etc. This research will try to uncover the different abbreviation strategies and techniques used by Algerian users, to gain characters; which means more space on their small screens, time and also money, how do they do to take advantage of a small device; like a mobile phone to express their feelings, ideas, though, how to tell lot with a very few words!? Keywords: SMS; language; abbreviation strategies; mobile phone; users. Résumé : Le présent article, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre des nouvelles pratiques linguistiques électroniques, a pour objectif le langage SMS, dans la société algérienne, plus précisément la ville de Batna. Il semble, en effet, gagner du terrain, avec chaque nouvel usager de la téléphonie mobile. C'est une recherche qui a comme composante élémentaire les stratégies abréviatives des utilisateurs algériens du téléphone portable, en tenant compte du côté scriptural, où nous tenterons de voir comment ils font pour s'exprimer avec le peu de caractères dont ils disposent sur un écran aussi réduit, avec un clavier d'une ergonomie qui laisse à désirer. Les mots clés : langage SMS, téléphonie mobile, écran, clavier réduit, abréviations.

The current study concerns the use of azeotropic mixtures in single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations to determine the effect of entrainment ratio on the coefficient of performance. Three single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations are used. The effects of condenser and evaporator temperatures on the single-stage refrigeration system are investigated. The used azeotropic mixtures are: R1234yf + R290, R1234yf + R152a, R1234yf + R600a, R134a + R290, R134a + R600a and R1270 + R134a. It is shown that the simulations results are in good agreement with the literature. The R1234yf + R290 mixture in refrigeration cycle give the highest coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio. The coefficient of performance (COP) increases with increasing of entrainment ratio.

The current study concerns the use of azeotropic mixtures in single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations to determine the effect of entrainment ratio on the coefficient of performance. Three single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations are used. The effects of condenser and evaporator temperatures on the single-stage refrigeration system are investigated. The used azeotropic mixtures are: R1234yf + R290, R1234yf + R152a, R1234yf + R600a, R134a + R290, R134a + R600a and R1270 + R134a. It is shown that the simulations results are in good agreement with the literature. The R1234yf + R290 mixture in refrigeration cycle give the highest coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio. The coefficient of performance (COP) increases with increasing of entrainment ratio.

The current study concerns the use of azeotropic mixtures in single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations to determine the effect of entrainment ratio on the coefficient of performance. Three single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations are used. The effects of condenser and evaporator temperatures on the single-stage refrigeration system are investigated. The used azeotropic mixtures are: R1234yf + R290, R1234yf + R152a, R1234yf + R600a, R134a + R290, R134a + R600a and R1270 + R134a. It is shown that the simulations results are in good agreement with the literature. The R1234yf + R290 mixture in refrigeration cycle give the highest coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio. The coefficient of performance (COP) increases with increasing of entrainment ratio.

The current study concerns the use of azeotropic mixtures in single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations to determine the effect of entrainment ratio on the coefficient of performance. Three single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system configurations are used. The effects of condenser and evaporator temperatures on the single-stage refrigeration system are investigated. The used azeotropic mixtures are: R1234yf + R290, R1234yf + R152a, R1234yf + R600a, R134a + R290, R134a + R600a and R1270 + R134a. It is shown that the simulations results are in good agreement with the literature. The R1234yf + R290 mixture in refrigeration cycle give the highest coefficient of performance and entrainment ratio. The coefficient of performance (COP) increases with increasing of entrainment ratio.

This paper is about the study of the well-posedness of a stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation driven by white noise induced by a Q-Brownian motion. The proof of the existence of a unique global solution relies on the Galerkin method together with a monotonicity method.

This paper is about the study of the well-posedness of a stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation driven by white noise induced by a Q-Brownian motion. The proof of the existence of a unique global solution relies on the Galerkin method together with a monotonicity method.