Introduction/purpose : This study investigates the seismic response of longspan continuous deck truss bridges under the effect of near-fault vertical ground motions. The primary objective is to assess how near-fault vertical seismic excitation affects the structural safety and performance of these bridges. By exploring the nuanced dynamics induced by near-fault vertical motions, the research aims to improve the understanding of the vulnerabilities and challenges faced by long-span continuous deck truss bridges during seismic events.

Methods : To achieve this objective, the truss bridge was subjected to a series of ground motions, representing natural seismic events. The seismic response of the bridge was investigated by applying the linear time history method to the 3D finite element model. This analysis focused specifically on the evaluation of base shear and displacement. The analysis was extended to include the seismic performance of truss structures. The comparison between the bridge responses with and without consideration of the vertical component of ground motion was made to clarify the effect of vertical excitation.

Results : The results show that there is a significant contribution of vertical excitation, particularly concerning the internal force in the truss elements, where it exceeded 60 % during a severe earthquake, and consequently increased the demand-to-capacity ratio in most elements of the truss bridge structure.

Conclusion : For structural engineers and designers, the results of this research suggest that neglecting to include the vertical ground motion component in the analytical assessments of this type of bridges can lead to a greater degree of uncertainty and risk, particularly in near-fault regions.

This paper studies the phenomenon of hydraulic jump in compound channels using a numerical model and provides remarkable results. Several values of the opening parameter, h1, are utilized to generate the hydraulic jumps. A recirculation zone is detected by studying the RNG-K-Ɛ turbulent Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model, which is distinguished by the modified directions of the velocity vectors. When comparedwith the experimental values, the numerical simulation demonstrated very good accuracy, with an error of no more than 9.4%. The results underline the reliability and usefulness of the VOF turbulence model for understanding and simulating the hydraulic processes in compound channels.

This paper studies the phenomenon of hydraulic jump in compound channels using a numerical model and provides remarkable results. Several values of the opening parameter, h1, are utilized to generate the hydraulic jumps. A recirculation zone is detected by studying the RNG-K-Ɛ turbulent Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model, which is distinguished by the modified directions of the velocity vectors. When comparedwith the experimental values, the numerical simulation demonstrated very good accuracy, with an error of no more than 9.4%. The results underline the reliability and usefulness of the VOF turbulence model for understanding and simulating the hydraulic processes in compound channels.

This paper studies the phenomenon of hydraulic jump in compound channels using a numerical model and provides remarkable results. Several values of the opening parameter, h1, are utilized to generate the hydraulic jumps. A recirculation zone is detected by studying the RNG-K-Ɛ turbulent Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model, which is distinguished by the modified directions of the velocity vectors. When comparedwith the experimental values, the numerical simulation demonstrated very good accuracy, with an error of no more than 9.4%. The results underline the reliability and usefulness of the VOF turbulence model for understanding and simulating the hydraulic processes in compound channels.

Background and Objective: Plants of the genusMarrubium are used to cure several infectious diseases like asthma, rheumatoid and diabetes.This study investigatedin vivo antihyperglycemic capacity of the methanolic fraction (MeOHE) of twoMarrubium species via animal model.Materials and Methods: The plant extracts were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively to reveal their phytochemical composition.Pharmacologically speaking, Wistar albino rats of either sex (150-180 g) were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect using 25 rats in each ofthe two used approaches; respectively Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes approaches. In addition, variousbiochemical parameters were investigated to confirm the pharmacological quality of our plants. Evaluated for their possible antidiabetic effectduring two consecutive weeks for glycemia levels (2 hrs period). Results: Data revealed that MeOHE induced a significant antihyperglycemic effect,in whichM. deserti, a slight decrease in the glucose level at (143±0.5 mg/dL) was obtained while a reduction was recorded forM. vulgare(71.5±0.75 mg/dL) with a same observation for triglycerides, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(TGP), creatinine comparing to standard. Moreover, the result showed high levels of phenolic and flavono{\"ıds content. Conclusion: This modestwork confirmed once again the real pharmacological capacity of vegetals and their possible implication to cure diabetes and complications relatedto it underlying the antihyperglycemic activity of these plants.

Background and Objective: Plants of the genusMarrubium are used to cure several infectious diseases like asthma, rheumatoid and diabetes.This study investigatedin vivo antihyperglycemic capacity of the methanolic fraction (MeOHE) of twoMarrubium species via animal model.Materials and Methods: The plant extracts were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively to reveal their phytochemical composition.Pharmacologically speaking, Wistar albino rats of either sex (150-180 g) were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect using 25 rats in each ofthe two used approaches; respectively Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes approaches. In addition, variousbiochemical parameters were investigated to confirm the pharmacological quality of our plants. Evaluated for their possible antidiabetic effectduring two consecutive weeks for glycemia levels (2 hrs period). Results: Data revealed that MeOHE induced a significant antihyperglycemic effect,in whichM. deserti, a slight decrease in the glucose level at (143±0.5 mg/dL) was obtained while a reduction was recorded forM. vulgare(71.5±0.75 mg/dL) with a same observation for triglycerides, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(TGP), creatinine comparing to standard. Moreover, the result showed high levels of phenolic and flavono{\"ıds content. Conclusion: This modestwork confirmed once again the real pharmacological capacity of vegetals and their possible implication to cure diabetes and complications relatedto it underlying the antihyperglycemic activity of these plants.

Background and Objective: Plants of the genusMarrubium are used to cure several infectious diseases like asthma, rheumatoid and diabetes.This study investigatedin vivo antihyperglycemic capacity of the methanolic fraction (MeOHE) of twoMarrubium species via animal model.Materials and Methods: The plant extracts were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively to reveal their phytochemical composition.Pharmacologically speaking, Wistar albino rats of either sex (150-180 g) were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect using 25 rats in each ofthe two used approaches; respectively Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes approaches. In addition, variousbiochemical parameters were investigated to confirm the pharmacological quality of our plants. Evaluated for their possible antidiabetic effectduring two consecutive weeks for glycemia levels (2 hrs period). Results: Data revealed that MeOHE induced a significant antihyperglycemic effect,in whichM. deserti, a slight decrease in the glucose level at (143±0.5 mg/dL) was obtained while a reduction was recorded forM. vulgare(71.5±0.75 mg/dL) with a same observation for triglycerides, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(TGP), creatinine comparing to standard. Moreover, the result showed high levels of phenolic and flavono{\"ıds content. Conclusion: This modestwork confirmed once again the real pharmacological capacity of vegetals and their possible implication to cure diabetes and complications relatedto it underlying the antihyperglycemic activity of these plants.

Background and Objective: Plants of the genusMarrubium are used to cure several infectious diseases like asthma, rheumatoid and diabetes.This study investigatedin vivo antihyperglycemic capacity of the methanolic fraction (MeOHE) of twoMarrubium species via animal model.Materials and Methods: The plant extracts were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively to reveal their phytochemical composition.Pharmacologically speaking, Wistar albino rats of either sex (150-180 g) were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect using 25 rats in each ofthe two used approaches; respectively Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes approaches. In addition, variousbiochemical parameters were investigated to confirm the pharmacological quality of our plants. Evaluated for their possible antidiabetic effectduring two consecutive weeks for glycemia levels (2 hrs period). Results: Data revealed that MeOHE induced a significant antihyperglycemic effect,in whichM. deserti, a slight decrease in the glucose level at (143±0.5 mg/dL) was obtained while a reduction was recorded forM. vulgare(71.5±0.75 mg/dL) with a same observation for triglycerides, cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(TGP), creatinine comparing to standard. Moreover, the result showed high levels of phenolic and flavono{\"ıds content. Conclusion: This modestwork confirmed once again the real pharmacological capacity of vegetals and their possible implication to cure diabetes and complications relatedto it underlying the antihyperglycemic activity of these plants.

The current investigation is centered on the characterization of specific apple cultivars in the Garza region, within the Teniet El Abed municipality, situated 55 km east of Batna (NE-Algeria). Utilizing descriptors outlined by UPOV 2015 pertaining to apples, the study focuses on morphological parameters of leaves, fruits, and terminal shoots across three varieties: Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson. Additionally, soil analysis was conducted to ascertain its suitability for apple cultivation. The examination revealed limited morphological diversity among the investigated apple cultivars, with some descriptors, particularly those related to fruit traits, showing insignificant differences between cultivar types. Overall, the studied varieties - Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson - exhibit distinct physiological and morphological characteristics. Variations in size, shape, skin color, flesh attributes, as well as sugar and acid content, contribute to the uniqueness of each variety. Whether one prefers sweet or tart apples, or favors larger or smaller fruits, there exists an apple variety to cater to individual tastes. Our findings complement molecular analyses and underscore the need for further exploration of apple germplasm, alongside sustained conservation efforts.

The current investigation is centered on the characterization of specific apple cultivars in the Garza region, within the Teniet El Abed municipality, situated 55 km east of Batna (NE-Algeria). Utilizing descriptors outlined by UPOV 2015 pertaining to apples, the study focuses on morphological parameters of leaves, fruits, and terminal shoots across three varieties: Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson. Additionally, soil analysis was conducted to ascertain its suitability for apple cultivation. The examination revealed limited morphological diversity among the investigated apple cultivars, with some descriptors, particularly those related to fruit traits, showing insignificant differences between cultivar types. Overall, the studied varieties - Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson - exhibit distinct physiological and morphological characteristics. Variations in size, shape, skin color, flesh attributes, as well as sugar and acid content, contribute to the uniqueness of each variety. Whether one prefers sweet or tart apples, or favors larger or smaller fruits, there exists an apple variety to cater to individual tastes. Our findings complement molecular analyses and underscore the need for further exploration of apple germplasm, alongside sustained conservation efforts.

The current investigation is centered on the characterization of specific apple cultivars in the Garza region, within the Teniet El Abed municipality, situated 55 km east of Batna (NE-Algeria). Utilizing descriptors outlined by UPOV 2015 pertaining to apples, the study focuses on morphological parameters of leaves, fruits, and terminal shoots across three varieties: Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson. Additionally, soil analysis was conducted to ascertain its suitability for apple cultivation. The examination revealed limited morphological diversity among the investigated apple cultivars, with some descriptors, particularly those related to fruit traits, showing insignificant differences between cultivar types. Overall, the studied varieties - Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson - exhibit distinct physiological and morphological characteristics. Variations in size, shape, skin color, flesh attributes, as well as sugar and acid content, contribute to the uniqueness of each variety. Whether one prefers sweet or tart apples, or favors larger or smaller fruits, there exists an apple variety to cater to individual tastes. Our findings complement molecular analyses and underscore the need for further exploration of apple germplasm, alongside sustained conservation efforts.

The current investigation is centered on the characterization of specific apple cultivars in the Garza region, within the Teniet El Abed municipality, situated 55 km east of Batna (NE-Algeria). Utilizing descriptors outlined by UPOV 2015 pertaining to apples, the study focuses on morphological parameters of leaves, fruits, and terminal shoots across three varieties: Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson. Additionally, soil analysis was conducted to ascertain its suitability for apple cultivation. The examination revealed limited morphological diversity among the investigated apple cultivars, with some descriptors, particularly those related to fruit traits, showing insignificant differences between cultivar types. Overall, the studied varieties - Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson - exhibit distinct physiological and morphological characteristics. Variations in size, shape, skin color, flesh attributes, as well as sugar and acid content, contribute to the uniqueness of each variety. Whether one prefers sweet or tart apples, or favors larger or smaller fruits, there exists an apple variety to cater to individual tastes. Our findings complement molecular analyses and underscore the need for further exploration of apple germplasm, alongside sustained conservation efforts.

Ilex aquifolium L. is an endemic species in Algeria’s Tellian and Saharan Atlas mountains in the country’s center and east, and it is on the verge of extinction owing to a variety of reasons. To help preserve it, we devised an in vitro micropropagation technique. The cuttings with axillary buds were cultured on different media supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best results were obtained on Woody Plants Medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP: 1.5 mg/LL, 3 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA: 1.5 mg/LL) in combination with BAP (1.5 mg/ L); BAP (1.5 mg/ L) with Gibberellins (GA3: 0.5 mg/ L). The best shoot proliferation rates were obtained on WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg/LL (BAP) and BAP: 1.5 mg/L; GA3: 0.5 mg/L; or BAP: 1.5 mg/L + ANA: 1.5 mg/L. The highest rooting rate (100%) was obtained with shoots grown on WPM medium supplemented with NAA (1.5 mg/LL). Absence of routing formation was observed in media containing indolacetic acid (IAA: 1 mg/ L) alone or combined with BAP: 0.5 mg/ L) The best-rooted shoots must be acclimatized to a substrate consisting of a mixture of peat and sand (1:1 v/vv), the seedlings have been acclimatized successfully.

Ilex aquifolium L. is an endemic species in Algeria’s Tellian and Saharan Atlas mountains in the country’s center and east, and it is on the verge of extinction owing to a variety of reasons. To help preserve it, we devised an in vitro micropropagation technique. The cuttings with axillary buds were cultured on different media supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best results were obtained on Woody Plants Medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP: 1.5 mg/LL, 3 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA: 1.5 mg/LL) in combination with BAP (1.5 mg/ L); BAP (1.5 mg/ L) with Gibberellins (GA3: 0.5 mg/ L). The best shoot proliferation rates were obtained on WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg/LL (BAP) and BAP: 1.5 mg/L; GA3: 0.5 mg/L; or BAP: 1.5 mg/L + ANA: 1.5 mg/L. The highest rooting rate (100%) was obtained with shoots grown on WPM medium supplemented with NAA (1.5 mg/LL). Absence of routing formation was observed in media containing indolacetic acid (IAA: 1 mg/ L) alone or combined with BAP: 0.5 mg/ L) The best-rooted shoots must be acclimatized to a substrate consisting of a mixture of peat and sand (1:1 v/vv), the seedlings have been acclimatized successfully.

Ilex aquifolium L. is an endemic species in Algeria’s Tellian and Saharan Atlas mountains in the country’s center and east, and it is on the verge of extinction owing to a variety of reasons. To help preserve it, we devised an in vitro micropropagation technique. The cuttings with axillary buds were cultured on different media supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best results were obtained on Woody Plants Medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP: 1.5 mg/LL, 3 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA: 1.5 mg/LL) in combination with BAP (1.5 mg/ L); BAP (1.5 mg/ L) with Gibberellins (GA3: 0.5 mg/ L). The best shoot proliferation rates were obtained on WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg/LL (BAP) and BAP: 1.5 mg/L; GA3: 0.5 mg/L; or BAP: 1.5 mg/L + ANA: 1.5 mg/L. The highest rooting rate (100%) was obtained with shoots grown on WPM medium supplemented with NAA (1.5 mg/LL). Absence of routing formation was observed in media containing indolacetic acid (IAA: 1 mg/ L) alone or combined with BAP: 0.5 mg/ L) The best-rooted shoots must be acclimatized to a substrate consisting of a mixture of peat and sand (1:1 v/vv), the seedlings have been acclimatized successfully.