The area of study belongs to the higher building of the base of Small Kabylie. It consists of several tectono-lithological units affected by a metamorphism épizonale to mésozonale of low pressure and high temperature. This last estimated at P=4-5 Kbar and T=650-700°C is underlined by the presence of the veins of leucozones and the myrmékite thus near to the field of partial fusion. The structural draft shows the superposition of schisto-sandy units épizonales on units of higher rank. This area is overcome in its Western and Eastern part by formations of Oligo-Miocène-Kabyle. The study of the syn-schistous deformation highlights an extensive component at vergency is and of the linéations of stretching of direction E - W (D1) with a virgation towards the NNE. This deformation induces the shape in arc marked by plans of schistosity and foliation resulting from the deformation (D2) due to the accommodation of the total overlapping of the building of Beni-Ferguène towards the NW. Alpine and eo-alpine post-schistous deformations of lower (Pt), at vergency East and South, are highlighted.

Dans cet article le modèle de Darcy et l’approximation de Boussinesq sont utilisés pour étudier la convection naturelle dans un milieu poreux saturé par un fluide binaire. La géométrie considérée est celle d’une cavité partiellement chauffée par le bas et refroidie par le haut. Les forces solutales résultent de l’imposition de concentrations constantes imposées sur les surfaces horizontales de la cavité. L’existence de solutions multiples pour ce type de configuration est démontrée numériquement.

Problems related to seepage through earth dams constitute more than 40% of the sources of observed damages throughout the world. A particular attention is given to how to minimize the effects due to seepage by using an adequate means of drainage to ensure the hydraulic and mechanical stabilities of the dam. In the homogeneous earth dams, the filtering drainage blanket is used with dimensions and location in the backfill determined by some unreliable methods. In this work a simple chart is developed in order to effectively locate the filtering drainage blanket along with a graph giving its length. This graph was obtained after having carried out a computer simulation of a great number of earth dams in which the total height, the embankment slopes, and the material characteristics were varied. For each dam, the drain length is changed within the acceptable limits of the hydraulic stability and the landslide stability of the downstream side embankment which is calculated.

We present in this paper a method for optimizing the design of CMOS bandgap voltage reference. The purpose of this work is to provide an optimal devices sizing, to reach the bandgap reference desired performances. This is achieved by using a simple mathematic calculations, basic layout design rules and simulation analyses. The proposed method is applied to design a voltage reference using CMOS 0.35uM process, featuring low temperature coefficient over the range of 105 °C, low noise, good power supply rejection in the range: 2.9 to 3.6 V, and keep an acceptable variation of the nominal value for a different process corners.