Copper(I)-zeolites, especially copper(I)-ultra stable Y zeolite (USY), are very efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the coupling of functionalized 1-bromoalkynes and various nitrogen derivatives. Under these conditions, sulfonylated alkyl- or arylamines and various N-heterocycles, such as oxazolidinones or indoles, could be efficiently transformed into the corresponding N-alkynyl derivatives. However, imidazoles gave addition products rather than coupling products. The reaction conditions proved compatible with a variety of functional and protecting groups. Such zeolitic catalysts can be recycled and reused at least five times without significant deactivation. Low catalyst loading could be used (4 mol%) and as low as 0.8 mol% of this heterogeneous copper catalyst still gave good conversion and yields.    

• This paper describes an algorithm for reformulation of XQuery queries. The mediation is based on an essential component called mediator. The main role of the mediator is to reformulate a user query, written in terms of global schema, in queries written in terms of sources schemas. Our algorithm is based on the principle of logical equivalence, simple and complex unification, to obtain a better reformulation. It takes as parameter the query XQuery, the global schema (written in XMLSchema), mappings GLAV and gives as a result a query written in terms of sources schemas. The results of implementation show the proper functioning of the algorithm.
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Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) can be regarded as a key component for future electric power systems which are capable of contemporarily eliminating the hazards during faults by increasing the short-circuit power of an electric network. That is attributed to the behaviour of resistive SFCL (R-SFCL) and inductive SFCL (I-SFCL) devices which show negligible resistance and reactance, respectively, under normal operating conditions and reliably switch to a high impedance state in case of extra-current. This paper presents a comparative study for the use of R-SFCL and I-SFCL by investigating their impacts on the shortcircuit calculations of a high voltage line. The case study is for a 220 kV transmission line in the northern transmission network of Algeria which is subjected to a phase to ground fault in the presence of a fault resistance. The impact of the impedance of SFCL (ZSFCL), which varies between minimum and maximum values for these two SFCL devices, is studied to show its effect on the short-circuit parameters including symmetrical current components, transmission line currents, voltage symmetrical components, and transmission line voltages, without and with SFCL devices. Presented theoretical analysis is verified by simulation results.

The information in its audio form represents a large mass of data. The manipulation of this mass requires an automation. The goal of our work is to detect the reuse of audio information in other sequences, like the reuse of a press dispatch. People find difficulties in the use of information in his audio format and especially in the search for an audio sequence in different places. In order to help people, we focus our work on the problem of finding an audio subsequence in a distributed audio database. The search will be in voice mode where the user dictates a text into microphone. The goal is to receive the text dictated by user from the microphone and compare it with all sequences of the database and then returns the closest sequence to the dictated one. This goal requires a great work which will be proposed as a doctoral subject. In this paper we propose to acquire the query by playing a sequence of the database and to capture it by microphone. This paper presents a new system that identifies an audio subsequence using basic audio descriptors. Each audio document of corpus is pre-processed before the extraction of a set of basic audio descriptors, which characterize the temporal and the spectral information. Therefore, an audio signal is represented by a sequence of characteristics called in this paper "audio fingerprint". The search process is based on a new concept called “interference wave”. This wave is generated from the content of audio signals, and used to calculate the similarity rate between two audio signals.

In these recent years Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been widely used in many types of applications such as environment monitoring or asset tracking. In these applications, each sensor node may collect different types of data with different levels of importance. Each type of traffic requires a different treatment from the network to meet the objective of QoS (Quality of Service). We argue that the sensor networks should be willing to spend more resources in disseminating packets that carry more important information. In this paper we propose a new protocol with differentiated services for WSNs called Diff-HEEP. The proposed protocol is an enhancement of HEEP protocol that can provide requested quality of service for high priority real time classes and distinguish high priority real time traffic from the low priority non-real time traffic, and input traffic streams are then served based on their priorities.

The control of voltage and reactive power is a major issue in power systems control and operation. Because of the topological differences between distribution and transmission systems, different strategies have evolved. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers, such as the Thyristor Controlled Voltage Regulator (TCVR), employ the latest technology of power electronic switching devices in electric power transmission systems to control voltage and improve voltage regulation. This paper presents an impact study of using TCVR on the fault current calculations in case of a ground fault. The case study is a high voltage transmission line in the Algerian power network. The analysis is based on symmetrical components method which includes symmetrical components of current and voltage as well as the transmission line currents and line voltages, without and with TCVR in the presence of fault resistance. In this research work, the obtained simulation results match the presented theoretical analysis.

Although the risk graph method, described by the IEC 61508 standard is widely used for the determination of Safety Integrity Levels for the Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) which performed by Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS). This technique has limits regarding the linguistic interpretation of the parameters of the risk analyzed. In addition, the calibration of the risk graph method as defined at the IEC61511 standard consists to use discrete intervals include also a problem of uncertainty in the calculation of Safety Integrity Levels. The purpose of this work is to improve of conventional risk graph in order to ensure a better implementation of safety instrumented systems (SIS). The proposed model based on fuzzy rules, considers the parameters defining the risk graph as inputs of a fuzzy inference systems and the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) as unique output. In order to validate the proposed model, a case study on an industrial system is carried out. The obtained results show a particular interest of fuzzy graph risk for estimating the appropriate Safety Integrity Level than that given by the risk graph conventional.

This paper presents a comparison between the two diagnosis approaches of linear closed-loop systems; sequential approach and integrated approach. An application of these two approaches for a DC motor will be introduced at the end to have the advantage and inconvenient one and the other for electrical entertainment.