A reverse logistics planning problem is modeled and analyzed. The model considers returns of a particular electronic device from customers. Some of the collected products are remanufactured or refurbished. Others are disassembled for their key parts which can be considered as good as new. New products are assembled either using new parts or extracted ones. There are two types dynamic demands: demands for remanufactured/refurbished products and demands for new products. Demand of remanufactured/refurbished products can be satisfied using new products in case of shortage. This is a one way downward substitution. The objective is to minimize total costs while satisfying all demands. This problem is formulated as a MILP. The numerical results show that: i) it is hard for a solver to find optimal solutions for the problem in reasonable computational times for several instances with relatively small time horizons and ii) substitution is justified for a certain range of cost and demand parameters.

Ce livre présente un système de coordonnées virtuelles appelé VCSCClockwise. Ce dernier est libre-GPS et sans points de référence aidant à créer les coordonnées virtuelles. En se basant sur la notion de cluster, ce système fonctionne parfaitement dans un réseau homogène avec une forte connectivité en produisant trois coordonnées virtuelles uniques associées à chaque nøe}ud-capteur dans le réseau. Declivity est un protocole de routage géographique utilisé pour tester et évaluer ce système de coordonnées virtuelles. Ce protocole peut choisir le chemin le plus court avec le minimum de dissipation de l’énergie. En plus, la livraison est toujours garantie que se soit dans un réseau homogène avec une forte densité ou non.

It is always difficult to identify the most recent works that have been published, especially those published in recent years, due to delays in putting publications online, citations indexe, etc. Scientometry offers to researchers various concepts, models and techniques that can be applied to knowledge management (KM) in order to explore its foundations, its state, its intellectual core, and its potential future development. To this end, we have developed a scientometric KM framework to calculate the scientometric indexes related to a query introduced in the Scopus database, to facilitate research and monitoring of productivity and collaboration between the authors of KM in particular and also the dissemination of knowledge. The works between 2014 and 2019 are taken, the industry of services was omitted. It might help the decision makers and researchers to optimize their time and efforts. We used Unified Modeling Language (UML) to translate the development ideas of the scientometric framework structure into diagrams, and Delphi 7 to calculate the indexes and ensure other operations of research (about: articles, their authors, conferences, etc). This framework is only valid for Excel files extracted from Scopus or similar format. Finally, the relation between KM and industry 4.0 was established on found articles in Scopus.

This article showcases the adaptability of existing mobility devices for the Algerian disabled population. It aims to develop a behavior model of disabled Algerian persons through (1) development of a theoretical model based on literature review and (2) improvement of this model by using local collected data from our developed questionnaire.

Lifetime service of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures is of major interest. It depends on the action of the superstructure and the response of soil contact at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the soil-structure interaction in the safety analysis of the RC structures to ensure reliable and economical design. In this paper, a finite element model of soil-structure interaction is developed. This model addresses the effect of long-term soil deformations on the structural safety of RC structures. It is also applied to real RC structures where soil-structure interaction is considered in the function of time. The modeling of the mechanical analysis of the soil-structure system is implemented as a one-dimensional model of a spring element to simulate a real case of RC continuous beams. The finite element method is used in this model to address the nonlinear time behavior of the soil and to calculate the consolidation settlement at the support-sections and the bending moment of RC structures girders. Numerical simulation tests with different loading services were performed on three types of soft soils with several compressibility parameters. This is done for homogeneous and heterogeneous soils. The finite element model of soil-structure interaction provides a practical approach to show and to quantify; (1) the importance of the variability of the compressibility parameters, and (2) the heterogeneity soil behavior in the safety RC structures assessment. It also shows a significant impact of soil-structure interaction, especially with nonlinear soil behavior versus the time on the design rules of redundant RC structures.

The behavior of granular materials during loading depends on the level of stresses. When confining pressure increases, the peak shear strength, the residual shear strength and the stiffness gradually decrease; besides, the volumetric behavior is shown to be influenced by the stress level. In this paper, such effects, due to changes in stress levels, have been incorporated into a modified von Wolffersdorff hypoplastic model. For this purpose, reference void ratios and exponent α and β, the parameters of the original hypoplastic model are modified using experimental data. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by using simulated triaxial tests on Hostun sand with cell pressures up to 15 MPa. The study shows the ability of the improved model to highlight the behavior characteristics of granular materials in dilatancy and (peak) resistance under high stress better than the original model.

Soil-structure interaction is the key to study the behavior of structures under static or dynamic loading. The pile foundation is adopted to transfer loads from the structure to the soil when the structure is embedded in a weak soil stratum. Soil-pile system has a nonlinear behavior; thus, it is more complicated to understand. This study focuses on the numerical investigation of interaction of soil–pile–structure system (ISPS) and interaction of soil–pile system (ISP) under lateral loads. Nonlinear static analysis is carried out considering the lateral capacity of ISPS and ISP systems under lateral loading using pushover analysis. A parametric study concerning different types of axial loading, pile length and pile radius, as well as longitudinal steel ratio in different types of sand is conducted to observe the response of (ISPS) and (ISP) systems. Besides that, lateral capacity deflection and moment curves, as well as the formation of plastic hinge are evaluated for ISPS and ISP systems for a typical pile and various soil types and their results are presented. The results show that the lateral capacity is influenced by the parametric study.

Landslides, fault movements as well as shrink/swell soil displacements can exert important additional loadings on soil buried structures such as pipelines. These loadings may damage the buried structures whenever they reach the strength limits of the structure material. This paper presents a two-dimensional plane-strain finite element analysis of an 800 mm diameter water supply pipeline buried within the expansive clay of the Ain-Tine area (Mila, Algeria), considering the unsaturated behavior of the soil under a rainfall infiltration of 4 mm/day intensity and which lasts for different time durations (8, 15 and 30 days). The simulations were carried out using the commercial software module SIGMA/W and considering different initial soil suction conditions P1, P2, P3 and P4. The soil surface heave and the radial induced forces on the pipeline ring (i.e., Axial , Shear  forces and bending moments ) results indicated that following the changes of suction the rainfall infiltration can cause considerable additional loads on the buried pipeline. Moreover, these loads are proportionally related to the initial soil suction conditions as well as to the rainfall infiltration time duration. The study highlighted that the unsaturated behavior of expansive soils because of their volume instability are very sensitive to climatic conditions and can exert adverse effects on pipelines buried within such soils. As a result, consistent pipeline design should seriously consider the study of the effect of the climatic conditions on the overall stability of the pipeline structure.

This article presents the results of experimental work carried out both in situ (coring; pressuremeter test) and in the laboratory (drying-wetting and oedometric tests) to describe the volumetric behavior on drying-wetting path of a swelling clayey soil of eastern Algeria. In order to perform drying-wetting tests the osmotic technique and saturated salts solutions were used. These suction-imposed methods have gained widespread acceptance as reliable methods for imposing suction on soil specimens. They allowed to sweep a wide range of suctions between 0 and 500 MPa. The ability to impose suction on soil specimens allows for drying and wetting stress paths to be applied to evaluate resulting changes in state parameters (void ratio, degree of saturation and water content). These paths were carried out on specimens with different initial states. Slurries of soil were used to characterize the reference behavior, while the undisturbed soil samples allow to describe the behavior of material under in situ conditions. In the last part of this article and to specify the behavior observed in the saturated domain, a comparison between the resulting deformations of the drying-wetting test and those resulting from the oedometric test was made.

This papers deal with a new Adaptive Direct Power Control for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator of 1.5 MW. The main feature of the proposed strategy is based on the replacement of the fixed switching table by an adaptive one. The online update of the adaptive switching table depends on the reactive power variation and past switching sequences. The proposed adaptive direct power control is compared with Vector Control and Classical Direct Power Control. The robustness of the proposed control scheme against parameter, load and wind speed variations have done with success. The main performance of the Adaptive Direct Power Control strategy is the reduction of powers ripples, thus reduce of torque ripple on the shaft of the turbine.

Cette thèse traite la modélisation, le contrôle et la simulation d’un système de conversion d’énergie éolienne à base d’une machine synchrone à aimants permanents (GSAP) connectée au réseau. Il est nécessaire de lier cette génératrice avec la charge ou le réseau par des convertisseurs statiques susceptibles d’améliorer la qualité d’énergie en tension et fréquence en utilisant des techniques adéquates de commande. L’étude consiste à implémenter des stratégies de contrôle pour assurer une meilleure qualité d’énergie. Après la modélisation de la cha{\^ıne de conversion d’énergie éolienne complète avec exploitation de la commande MPPT, une application de la commande directe du couple basée sur des régulateurs à hystérésis et la commande DTC-SVM sont introduites à la machine pour mettre en évidences les performances de ces dernières. D’après les résultats de simulation obtenus, la commande DTC-SVM présente de meilleures performances par rapport à la DTC classique et la commande vectorielle

Cette thèse a pour but d’apporter une contribution au contrôle DTC de la MASDE. Plusieurs structures ont été développées ces structures concernant la combinaison de différentes techniques de commandes intelligentes avec l’apport des techniques d’optimisations. Dans ce contexte une commande floue type 1 et flou type 2 ont été présentée avec l’utilisation des techniques PSO et AG dont le but est d’améliorer les performances de la MASDE, avec ces techniques les oscillations de flux et couple sont réduites, et la réponse dynamique du système a été améliorée. Dans ce travail, nous avons aussi développé une autre technique qui réduit les oscillations de couple et de flux, cette technique que nous avons appelée commande DTC hybride basée sur le mode glissant d’ordre supérieur flou-T2. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus a montré satisfaction quant aux performances atteintes par le système. Celles-ci sont traduites par la robustesse de la commande vis-à-vis des incertitudes paramétriques de la MASDE.

Ce travail est basé sur l’étude et la simulation numérique du comportement de la micropompe piézoélectrique à mouvement péristaltique. La nature de l’actionneur piézoélectrique est un disque piézoélectrique PZT-5H (Titano-Zirconate de Plomb) et le diaphragme est un dioxyde de silicium (SiO2). En appliquant l’approche FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction), la simulation de la micropompe sans valves est réalisée au moyen du logiciel Comsol 3.5 Multiphysics. La déformation dûe à la tension appliquée aux bornes du disque piézoélectrique entra{\^ıne un déplacement de la membrane, et par la meme la circulation du fluide. A partir des résultats obtenus, la conception optimale a nécessité respectivement une épaisseur de 0.5 mm pour la membrane et pour l’actionneur piézoéléctrique. L’étude des effets de la tension sur la déflexion du diaphragme et la nature du fluide sur le débit de la micropompe a été menée et des résultats de simulation probants ont été obtenus

Ce travail présente des techniques de commande robustes dédiées au système éolien basé sur la machine asynchrone à double alimentation sans balais (MADASB) entrainée par une turbine à calage variable des pales. Le stator de puissance de la machine est directement relié au réseau électrique ; par contre le stator de commande est alimenté par un convertisseur bidirectionnel. Les MADASB promettent des avantages significatifs pour les systèmes de conversion d’énergie éolienne en raison de leurs faibles coûts et une plus grande fiabilité par rapport aux machines asynchrones à double alimentation classiques (MADA). L’idée principale consiste à appliquer différentes techniques de commande pour le contrôle indépendant des puissances active et réactive générées par la MADASB découplée par la technique de commande vectorielle. Il s’agit particulièrement de la commande par logique floue et des commandes par mode glissant d’ordre un et de second ordre basée sur l’algorithme du Super-Twisting, la commande par retour d’état et la commande par backstepping. Une étude comparative relative aux performances obtenues par les commandes proposées est menée. Les résultats de simulation montrent que ces méthodes hiérarchisées, possèdent de grandes performances dans le contrôle de tels systèmes en termes de poursuite de la référence, de découplage, de temps de réponse et de la qualité du courant.

Cette thèse a pour but d’apporter une contribution au contrôle direct des puissances d’une chaine de conversion d’énergie éolienne à base d’une GADA en faisant varier la vitesse de l’éolienne en réponse au changement de la vitesse du vent afin d’optimiser l’énergie éolienne extraite et de concevoir une commande robuste face aux incertitudes paramétriques. Plusieurs structures ont été développées ces structures concernant la combinaison de déférentes techniques de commandes pour aboutir à des meilleurs résultats. Dans ce contexte une commande adaptative pour le contrôle des puissances de la GADA a été présentée, avec cette technique les oscillations des puissances sont réduites, la réponse dynamique du système a été améliorée. Dans ce travail, nous avons aussi développé une autre technique qui réduit les oscillations des puissances, cette technique que nous avons appelé DPC basée sur le mode glissant d’ordre supérieur. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus a montré satisfaction quant aux performances atteintes par le système. Celles-ci sont traduites par la robustesse de la commande vis-à-vis des incertitudes paramétriques de la GADA

In this paper, a high-performance indirect field-oriented controlled dual Induction Motor (IM) drive fed by a single inverter using type-2 fuzzy logic control will be presented. At first, the mathematical model of the IM is implemented in the d-q reference frame. Then, the speed control of the Dual Induction Motor (DIM) operating in parallel configuration with Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) using PI and type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (T2-FLC) will be presented. For the control of this system, a DC supply and a Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) voltage source inverter are introduced with constant switching frequency. Also, the performance of T2-FLC, which is based on the IFOC, is tested and compared to those achieved using the PI controller. The simulation results demonstrate that the T2-FLC is more robust, efficient, and has superior dynamic performance for traction system applications.

In this paper, a direct vector control using fuzzy logic controller with adaptive gain for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy conversion system (WECS) is presented. The performance of fuzzy controllers is characterized by unsatisfactory performance: (wide overshoot, excessive oscillations and sensitivity to parametric variations). We propose a robust method, where the control gain will be continually adapted with the use of a set of fuzzy rules; we only consider the gain adaptation of the command. I mean the value of the gain will be determined by a rule base defined by the error and the variation of the error. Finally, the control of the active and reactive powers using a fuzzy logic controller with adaptive gain is simulated using software Matlab/Simulink, studies on a 1.5 MW DFIG wind generation system compared with the conventional fuzzy logic controller. Performance and robustness results obtained are presented and analyzed. KEY WORDS Wind energy conversion system ; Vector control ; Fuzzy logic controller ; Adaptive fuzzy logic controller.

This paper presents a hybrid scheme for the control of active and reactive powers using the direct vector control with stator flux orientation (SFO) of the DFIG. The hybrid scheme consists of Fuzzy logic, Reference Signal Tracking (F-RST) controllers. The proposed (F-RST) controller is compared with the classical Proportional-Integral (PI) and the Polynomial (RST) based on the pole placement theory. The various strategies are analyzed and compared in terms of tracking, robustness, and sensitivity to the speed variation. Simulations are done using MATLAB software. The simulation results prove that the proposed approach leads to good performances such as the tracking test, the rejection of disturbances and the robustness concerning the parameter variations. The hybrid controller is much more efficient compared to those of PI and RST controller, it also improves the performance of the powers and ensures some important strength despite the parameter variation of the DFIG.