Stratigraphic, sedimentological and magnetic study was performed on alluvial terraces, rich in archaeological tools, the region of OUM ALI, in north-eastern Algeria. The sedimentological points of view, the sediments are dominated by the sand fraction followed by the silt fraction; moderate concentrations of CaCO3 are the result of the dissolution of the surrounding limestone reliefs (Maastrichtian limestone). The morphoscopic observation of quartz grains with a dissecting microscope allows us to offer more or less significant changes, since they are often dull or sub-blunted. The results of the magnetic survey are consistent with those of the sedimentological study. The values of magnetic susceptibility are strong in the middle part of the stratigraphic section (just above the archaeological level) and decrease slightly at the top. Lower values are stored in the lower part. The dependence of frequency values of magnetic susceptibility (fd) are strong throughout the stratigraphic section and show the presence of a mixture of single-domain grain size (R), pseudo-single domain (PMD) and superparamagnetic (SP) (with a predominance of SP grains). The high concentration of SP grain size reveals the presence of significant soil formation during the implementation of the sediment

Considering three sites under different climate conditions (arid, semi-arid, and subhumid), this study aims to use the vadose-zone water stable isotope profiles to estimate the groundwater recharge rate. High-resolution vertical subsurface soil sampling along the vadose zone of the investigated sites was conducted. The collected samples were analysed to determine their stable isotope ratios (δ2H and δ18O) that were used along with the piston displacement method to estimate recharge. Annual recharge rates of 0.2% (± 0.1%), 2.5%, and 18% of the total annual precipitation were obtained for the arid, semi-arid, and subhumid sites, respectively. Recharge rates at the semi-arid and subhumid sites are comparable to those previously estimated using water balance-based methods. The recharge rate at the arid site is lower than that previously estimated for that site using the water budget-based method, revealing difficulties in applying the piston displacement method under an arid regime.

The authorities of Constantine city have been working on the redevelopment and calibration of the Rhumel and Boumerzoug wadis since 2015. The latter calebrage works caused great damage to the banks, thus affecting the Quaternary geological formations in place (alluvial terraces, flood plains). A multidisciplinary research project based on a geomorphological and sedimentological approach was quickly set up to create a scientific data base before their total destruction and loss of physical traces all along the wadis. The present study focuses on the sedimentological and geochemical analysis of the alluvial deposits of Boumerzoug wadi in order to describe the sediments, to reconstitute their nature, and to interpret both the climatic evolution and the paleo-environments of the region. Sedimentological and geochemical results confirm the succession of deposition cycles linked to progressive climate change.

In this paper, we introduce and study the weighted variable Hardy space ondomains. We prove the atomic decompositions of this space, and as application, wefigure out its dual space.

In this paper we consider infinite dimensional systems subjected to stochastic structured multiperturbations. We address the problem of robustness optimization with respect to state feedback but allow both unbounded input and perturbations. Conditions are derived for the existence of a stabilizing controller ensuring that the norm of the closed loop operator below a prespecified bound. Such controllers will be called suboptimal controllers. The suboptimality conditions are obtained in terms of a Riccati equation which satisfies an operator inequality. Finally, we give a lower bound for the supremal achievable stability radius via the Riccati equation.

This paper deals with the robust stabilization of infinite dimensional systems subjected to stochastic and deterministic perturbations. First, we give conditions providing the stability of the parameterized system. Then, we investigate the maximization of the stability radius by state feedback. We establish conditions for the existence of suboptimal controllers. Using these conditions we characterize the supreme achievable stability radius via an infinite dimensional Riccati equation.

Recently deep learning has shown significant achievement in the performance of many tasks, like natural language processing, image and speech recognition. Also, this improvement concerns multiple biometrics recognition systems. In this work, we focus on biometrics recognition, we present a stacked auto-encoder-based approach for various biometrics recognition, including Iris, Ear, palm-print, and face recognition. The proposed method allows training a neural network that includes two hidden layers for biometrics tasks. It runs in two steps, in the first one, each layer is trained individually in an unsupervised manner by auto-encoders, then the layers are stacked and trained in a supervised way. Experimental results on images, obtained from publicly available biometrics databases clearly demonstrate the benefit of using stacked auto-encoders as feature extraction and dimension reduction tools for biometrics recognition, as significant high accuracy rates are obtained over the four databases.

In this work, we studied an L-shaped frequency selective surface (FSS) by a method called Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP), this method developed from the Modal Fast Transformation (FMT) is based on the cross- formulation. wave and the solution obtained by an iterative procedure does not use the matrix to ensure convergence and the procedure is stopped when it arrives at convergence, for this geometry the results of a single resonance obtained by the WCIP method have a resonant frequency of 5.35 GHz with a band bandwidth of 2.3 GHz, when the structure is excited in the X direction, a frequency at 10.35 GHz with a bandwidth of 0.44 GHz when the structure is excited in the Y direction. The simulation of the results obtained by the WCIP method is compared with the results of the software HFSS 13.0 (High Frequency Structure Simulator), we find a good agreement.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à un modèle de gestion des connaissances des entreprises industrielles. Certaines tâches manufacturières impliquent un niveau élevé de connaissance tacite des opérateurs qualifiés. L'industrie a besoin des méthodes fiables pour la capture et l'analyse de ces connaissances tacites afin qu'elles puissent être partagées et sans aucune perte. Nous proposons, un modèle de gestion contenant deux processus de gestion, le premier processus est la capitalisation des connaissances basée sur une tâche industrielle. Nous avons utilisé une combinaison de deux méthodologies : une méthodologie d’ingénierie de connaissances CommonKADS et une méthodologie d’élicitation des connaissances MACTAK. Dans la phase de modélisation, nous avons utilisé deux différentes techniques de modélisation, une modélisation basée sur les connaissances d’expert et la deuxième une représentation ontologique. Ce modèle facilite la capture des connaissances d’experts et transforme les connaissances tacites en explicites avec une maximisation des règles de production. Le deuxième processus concerne le partage des connaissances à base d’une ontologie des Tâches Manufacturières MATO en identifiant un ensemble des concepts de fabrication et leurs relations, cette ontologie proposée facilite le partage des connaissances entre les tâches de fabrication et aide à partager et à réutiliser les connaissances durant l'exécution des tâches. Ensuite, une application proposée pour le diagnostic de système d’alarme dans une centrale thermique a été présentée pour démontrer l’importance et l’apport de l’ontologie.

In recent decades, vascular surgery has seen the arrival of endovascular techniques for the treatment of vascular diseases such as aortic diseases (aneurysms, dissections, and atherosclerosis). The 3D printing process by addition of material gives an effector of choice to the digital chain, opening the way to the manufacture of shapes and complex geometries, impossible to achieve before with conventional methods. This chapter focuses on the bio-design study of the thoracic aorta in adults. A bio-design protocol was established based on medical imaging, extraction of the shape, and finally, the 3D modeling of the aorta; secondly, a bio-printing method based on 3D printing that could serve as regenerative medicine has been proposed. A simulation of the bio-printing process was carried out under the software Simufact Additive whose purpose is to predict the distortion and residual stress of the printed model. The binder injection printing technique in a Powder Bed Printer (PBP) bed is used. The results obtained are very acceptable compared with the results of the error elements found.

Introduction. This article deals with the optimization of the energy conversion of a grid-connected photovoltaic system. The novelty is to develop an intelligent maximum power point tracking technique using artificial neural network algorithms. Purpose. Intelligent maximum power point tracking technique is developed in order to improve the photovoltaic system performances under the variations of the temperature and irradiation. Methods. This work is to calculate and follow the maximum power point for a photovoltaic system operating according to the artificial intelligence mechanism is and the latter is used an adaptive modified perturbation and observation maximum power point tracking algorithm based on function sign to generate an specify duty cycle applied to DC-DC converter, where we use the feed forward artificial neural network type trained by Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation. Results. The photovoltaic system that we chose to simulate and apply this intelligent technique on it is a stand-alone photovoltaic system. According to the results obtained from simulation of the photovoltaic system using adaptive modified perturbation and observation artificial neural network the efficiency and the quality of the production of energy from photovoltaic is increased. Practical value. The proposed algorithm is validated by a dSPACE DS1104 for different operating conditions. All practice results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.

Feed for word neural networks (FFNN) have attracted a great attention, in digital communication area. Especially they are investigated as nonlinear equalizers at the receiver, to mitigate channel distortions and additive noise. The major drawback of the FFNN is their extensive training. We present a new approach to enhance their training efficiency by adapting the activation function. Adapting procedure for activation function extensively increases the flexibility and the nonlinear approximation capability of FFNN. Consequently, the learning process presents better performances, offers more flexibility and enhances nonlinear capability of NN structure thus the final state kept away from undesired saturation regions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through different challenging channel models, it performs quite well for nonlinear channels which are severe and hard to equalize. The performance is measured throughout, convergence properties, minimum bit error achieved. The proposed algorithm was found to converge rapidly, and accomplish the minimum steady state value. All simulation shows that the proposed method improves significantly the training efficiency of FFNN based equalizer compared to the standard training one.

In this digital age embracing robotics across various areas of life, especially intellectual ones, have reaped great benefits owing to this modern technology. Therefore, the learning field has not remained unchanged given current evolutions as the schooling conditions have been improved through these smart devices. However, teachers still face some difficulties when choosing pedagogical methods and means for effective language learning for children. Thus, this paper aims to measure the effectiveness of social robots in facilitating children’s learning of a second language (L2). For this purpose, the term L2 learning and its subordinate concepts have been distinguished, and then the different methods of language learning were discussed. The latest research regarding social robots in the educational context was also discussed when reviewing the literature. An experimental study conducted on a sample of children illustrated that the use of the social robot significantly helped them in the L2 learning regarding the assimilation fast, retention, and correct pronunciation of its vocabulary. Finally, this study concludes that the social robot would be a good solution and recommends their widespread use in education given its role in improving the schooling conditions of children.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate age related changes in testicular histomorphometry and spermatogenic activity of bulls during their sexual development. A total of 36 bulls were selected and divided into four groups (n=9 in each) according to their age. Bulls included in Groups I, II, III and IV were 10, 12, 14 and 16 months old respectively. Left testes of bulls were subjected to histomorphometry after slaughter. Statistical analysis revealed that the secondary spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids increased significantly (P˂0.05) with the age of bulls. Likewise, both sertoli and leydig cell numbers increased significantly (P˂0.05) with the age of bulls. However, the number of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes did not change (P>0.05) due to age. The mean tubular diameter increased from 200.70±5.45 μm (10 months of age) to 227.30±9.16 μm (16 months of age) and the total volume of seminiferous tubule per testis from 69.63±1.50 % (10 months of age) to 84.64±2.53 % (16 months of age). A positive linear relationship (P<0.05) was found between meiotic index (Y) and the age (X, in month), which was characterized by the equation 0.048X+3.135 and a coefficient of correlation (R) of 0.396. The correlation between age and sertoli cell efficiency was 0.482 with a regression equation Y= 0.141X+7.696. It is concluded that histomorphometric parameters of the bulls’ testes and spermatogenic activity are correlated with the age, so these parameters provide a reliable tool for the assessment of the reproductive state and sperm production capacity of a bull in a breeding program.

This work is a study of the elastic fields’ effect (stresses and displacements) caused by dislocations networks at a heterostructure interface of a InAs / GaAs semiconductors thin system in the cases of isotropic and anisotropic elasticity. The numerical study of this type of heterostructure aims to predict the behavior of the interface with respect to these elastic fields satisfying the boundary conditions. The method used is based on a development in Fourier series. The deformation near the dislocation is greater than the other locations far from the dislocation.     

Mastitis in cows is a major problem in dairy farms leading to a decrease in the quantity and quality of milk. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in milk and the subclinical mastitis, and to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolated E. coli. In the current study, a total of 360 cow raw milk samples from three dairy farms of the region of Algiers were analyzed. The analysis period lasted from Spring 2017 to Winter 2019. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was applied to detect subclinical mastitis. The E. coli strains were isolated from milk using conventional bacteriological methods. The antibiotic resistance profile of the isolated E. coli strains to 12 different antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. On β-lactamase-producing strains, a double diffusion test was applied to identify the Extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. Finally, the ctXx-M genes were amplified by PCR. Two-thirds (66.4%) of the milk samples were positive for the CMT test. A total of 97 E. coli strains were isolated from the milk samples, their resistance to antibiotics was tested, and 3.1% of the strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 6.2% to chloramphenicol, 12.3% to gentamicin, 13.4% to colistin, 23.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate, 31.9% to kanamycin, 39.2% to enrofloxacin, 51.5% to cefotaxime, 52% to tetracycline, 57.7% to ampicillin, 74.3% to nalidixic acid, and 75.3% to amoxicillin. Furthermore, most of the E. coli strains (92.8%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic with a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance index ranging from 0 to 0.8. The 50 strains resistant to cefotaxime were analyzed for an ESBL phenotype. 39 of them (78%) were positive to the double-disk synergy test. Among the 39 ESBL positive strains, 27 (69.2%) were confirmed for the presence of a CTX-M gene by PCR. The present study showed that multiple drug-resistant E. coli, including ESBL-carriers, were frequently isolated from the milk of dairy cows in Algeria. The results underlined that the use of antibiotics on farms must be reasoned to avoid the spread of resistant strains in animals and human populations.

The work presented here was aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro hemostatic activities of Linaria reflexa extract and to establish the relationship between its bioactivity and chemical composition. Twenty-three secondary metabolites were identified, most of them are good anti-inflammatory agents, in line with data by carrageenin-induced rat paw edema assays of the n-butanol extract showing high anti-inflammatory inhibition (63.90%) of edema swelling in the rat paw at the dose 200 mg/kg after 4 h. Furthermore, both extent of inflammatory response and tissue injury were prevented keeping the levels of rate myeloperoxidase (60.16%) and of malondialdehyde, which is the final product of lipid peroxidation generated by free radicals (58.58%). The same extract showed also a remarkable hemostatic effect established by measuring the coagulation time of decalcified plasma (45 s), related to its flavonoid glycosides content.

The objective of the present study was to determine the pharmacological properties of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of Marrubium deserti leaves. For this purpose, antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays respectivelywhile In vivoanti-inflammatory activity was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of several biocompounds, and total phenolic and flavonoidcontents were also determined to support our results and revealed a high proportions of polyphenols (184 ± 0.78 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (28.48 ± 0.40 mg QE/g extract). The MeOH extract demonstrated great pharmacological properties with a dose-effect relationship. Thus, a great antioxidant effect was recorded in both DPPH and FRAP assayswith a respective IC50 of (15.1 μg/ml) and (80.01 ± 1 μg EAA/g of extract) and were considered significant (P<0.05) when compared to respective standards. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory results suggested that the plant extract could effectively oppose the inflammation caused by carrageenan at the dose of 200 mg/kg with significant decrease (84.1 %) of inflammation. These encouraging results suggest that our plant could be a good candidate to treat more effectively pathologies related to oxidative stress and inflammation.