The purpose of this paper is to compare between three methods of intellectual capital (IC) measurement; intellectual capital dynamic valuation (IC-dVal), value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC), and national intellectual capital index (NICI). The three methods are the most used in practice; we used 24 criteria covering important aspects of IC to do general comparison. According to ten criteria, we compared and prioritised them using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results of this comparison show that the methods are close for some criteria and distant for other criteria. The prioritisation with AHP found that NICI method is the most method responding to the criteria, namely: macro measure, guidelines of the method, dynamic valuation, involved levels of business, usability by stakeholders, covered aspects of IC, quantifiability, frequency of use and applicability. IC-dVal is the second one and VAIC is the third method responding to the criteria. The analysis could give more significant results using larger set of criteria. This is the first research prioritising methods of measurement of IC using AHP analysis.

In this paper, we propose a general design of rectangular microstrip antenna with and without rectangular aperture over ground plane, based on artificial neural networks (ANN) in conjunction with spectral domain formulation. In the design procedure, syntheses ANN model is used as feed forward network to determine the resonant frequency and bandwidth. Analysis ANN model is used as the reversed of the problem to calculate the antenna and aperture dimensions for the given resonant frequency, dielectric constant and height of substrate. The spectral domain formulation combined with artificial neural network in the analysis and the design of rectangular antenna to reduce the complexity of the spectral approach and to minimize the CPU time necessary to obtain the numerical results. The results obtained from the neural models are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.

In this paper, we propose a general design of rectangular microstrip antenna with and without rectangular aperture over ground plane, based on artificial neural networks (ANN) in conjunction with spectral domain formulation. In the design procedure, syntheses ANN model is used as feed forward network to determine the resonant frequency and bandwidth. Analysis ANN model is used as the reversed of the problem to calculate the antenna and aperture dimensions for the given resonant frequency, dielectric constant and height of substrate. The spectral domain formulation combined with artificial neural network in the analysis and the design of rectangular antenna to reduce the complexity of the spectral approach and to minimize the CPU time necessary to obtain the numerical results. The results obtained from the neural models are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.

In this paper, we propose a general design of rectangular microstrip antenna with and without rectangular aperture over ground plane, based on artificial neural networks (ANN) in conjunction with spectral domain formulation. In the design procedure, syntheses ANN model is used as feed forward network to determine the resonant frequency and bandwidth. Analysis ANN model is used as the reversed of the problem to calculate the antenna and aperture dimensions for the given resonant frequency, dielectric constant and height of substrate. The spectral domain formulation combined with artificial neural network in the analysis and the design of rectangular antenna to reduce the complexity of the spectral approach and to minimize the CPU time necessary to obtain the numerical results. The results obtained from the neural models are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.

In this paper, we propose a general design of rectangular microstrip antenna with and without rectangular aperture over ground plane, based on artificial neural networks (ANN) in conjunction with spectral domain formulation. In the design procedure, syntheses ANN model is used as feed forward network to determine the resonant frequency and bandwidth. Analysis ANN model is used as the reversed of the problem to calculate the antenna and aperture dimensions for the given resonant frequency, dielectric constant and height of substrate. The spectral domain formulation combined with artificial neural network in the analysis and the design of rectangular antenna to reduce the complexity of the spectral approach and to minimize the CPU time necessary to obtain the numerical results. The results obtained from the neural models are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.

This paper presents the experimental results of a propulsion control system (PCS) purposed for an electric vehicle using dual-induction vector-controlled “Real-Virtual” motors, which separately drive the rear wheels of the vehicle. The particularity of the proposed PCS is that the conventional mechanical differential is replaced by an electric differential assured by two electric motors operating at different speeds. Therefore, the electric differential principle resulting from the proposed PCS is experimentally tested online by employing a dSPACE platform containing a real motor and a virtual motor, which constitutes the mathematical model of the real one, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure.

This paper presents the experimental results of a propulsion control system (PCS) purposed for an electric vehicle using dual-induction vector-controlled “Real-Virtual” motors, which separately drive the rear wheels of the vehicle. The particularity of the proposed PCS is that the conventional mechanical differential is replaced by an electric differential assured by two electric motors operating at different speeds. Therefore, the electric differential principle resulting from the proposed PCS is experimentally tested online by employing a dSPACE platform containing a real motor and a virtual motor, which constitutes the mathematical model of the real one, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure.

This paper presents the experimental results of a propulsion control system (PCS) purposed for an electric vehicle using dual-induction vector-controlled “Real-Virtual” motors, which separately drive the rear wheels of the vehicle. The particularity of the proposed PCS is that the conventional mechanical differential is replaced by an electric differential assured by two electric motors operating at different speeds. Therefore, the electric differential principle resulting from the proposed PCS is experimentally tested online by employing a dSPACE platform containing a real motor and a virtual motor, which constitutes the mathematical model of the real one, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure.

This paper presents the experimental results of a propulsion control system (PCS) purposed for an electric vehicle using dual-induction vector-controlled “Real-Virtual” motors, which separately drive the rear wheels of the vehicle. The particularity of the proposed PCS is that the conventional mechanical differential is replaced by an electric differential assured by two electric motors operating at different speeds. Therefore, the electric differential principle resulting from the proposed PCS is experimentally tested online by employing a dSPACE platform containing a real motor and a virtual motor, which constitutes the mathematical model of the real one, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure.

This paper presents the experimental results of a propulsion control system (PCS) purposed for an electric vehicle using dual-induction vector-controlled “Real-Virtual” motors, which separately drive the rear wheels of the vehicle. The particularity of the proposed PCS is that the conventional mechanical differential is replaced by an electric differential assured by two electric motors operating at different speeds. Therefore, the electric differential principle resulting from the proposed PCS is experimentally tested online by employing a dSPACE platform containing a real motor and a virtual motor, which constitutes the mathematical model of the real one, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure.

In this paper, the cavity model for simple circular disc microstrip antenna is extended with some modifications for the tunable geometry taking into account the anisotropy in the layer. The numerical results show that there are substantial deviations in calculated resonant frequency when substrate dielectric anisotropy is considered. Furthermore, significant variations are seen in the radiation patterns of the structures due to substrate anisotropy. Finally the effect of inclusion of air gap layer inserted between substrate and ground plane on the resonant characteristics is also investigated for fundamental and higher order modes.

In this paper, the cavity model for simple circular disc microstrip antenna is extended with some modifications for the tunable geometry taking into account the anisotropy in the layer. The numerical results show that there are substantial deviations in calculated resonant frequency when substrate dielectric anisotropy is considered. Furthermore, significant variations are seen in the radiation patterns of the structures due to substrate anisotropy. Finally the effect of inclusion of air gap layer inserted between substrate and ground plane on the resonant characteristics is also investigated for fundamental and higher order modes.

In this paper, the cavity model for simple circular disc microstrip antenna is extended with some modifications for the tunable geometry taking into account the anisotropy in the layer. The numerical results show that there are substantial deviations in calculated resonant frequency when substrate dielectric anisotropy is considered. Furthermore, significant variations are seen in the radiation patterns of the structures due to substrate anisotropy. Finally the effect of inclusion of air gap layer inserted between substrate and ground plane on the resonant characteristics is also investigated for fundamental and higher order modes.

In this paper, the cavity model for simple circular disc microstrip antenna is extended with some modifications for the tunable geometry taking into account the anisotropy in the layer. The numerical results show that there are substantial deviations in calculated resonant frequency when substrate dielectric anisotropy is considered. Furthermore, significant variations are seen in the radiation patterns of the structures due to substrate anisotropy. Finally the effect of inclusion of air gap layer inserted between substrate and ground plane on the resonant characteristics is also investigated for fundamental and higher order modes.

The use of audio information is useful for many applications, like e-learning, languages studies, conferences etc. The use of this kind of information is very frequent either for learning, for memorization or for the search of an audio subsequence dealing with a particular subject. People find difficulties in the use of information in his audio format and especially in the search for an audio sequence in different places. For this, and to help users, we focus our work on the problem of finding an audio subsequence in a distributed audio database. The search will be in voice mode where the user dictates a text into microphone. The goal is to receive the text dictated by user from the microphone and compare it with all sequences of the database and then returns the closest sequence to the dictated one. This goal requires a great work which will be proposed as a doctoral subject. In this paper we propose to acquire the query by playing a sequence of the database and to capture it by microphone. This paper presents a new system that identifies an audio subsequence using basic audio descriptors. Each audio document of corpus is pre-processed before the extraction of a set of basic audio descriptors, which characterize the temporal and the spectral information. Therefore, an audio signal is represented by a sequence of characteristics called in this paper "audio fingerprint". The search process is based on a new concept called “interference wave”. This wave is generated from the content of audio signals, and used to calculate the similarity rate between two audio signals.

It has been proven that fuzzy systems called type-1 fuzzy systems can approximate any nonlinear function to any desired accuracy because of the universal approximation theorem. The principal problem encountered with type-1 fuzzy systems is that they can deliver a non satisfactory performance in face of uncertainty and imprecision. In this paper, a new type-2 fuzzy system based on type-2 fuzzy basis functions was developed in order to use them in an indirect adaptive control.

It has been proven that fuzzy systems called type-1 fuzzy systems can approximate any nonlinear function to any desired accuracy because of the universal approximation theorem. The principal problem encountered with type-1 fuzzy systems is that they can deliver a non satisfactory performance in face of uncertainty and imprecision. In this paper, a new type-2 fuzzy system based on type-2 fuzzy basis functions was developed in order to use them in an indirect adaptive control.

It has been proven that fuzzy systems called type-1 fuzzy systems can approximate any nonlinear function to any desired accuracy because of the universal approximation theorem. The principal problem encountered with type-1 fuzzy systems is that they can deliver a non satisfactory performance in face of uncertainty and imprecision. In this paper, a new type-2 fuzzy system based on type-2 fuzzy basis functions was developed in order to use them in an indirect adaptive control.

It has been proven that fuzzy systems called type-1 fuzzy systems can approximate any nonlinear function to any desired accuracy because of the universal approximation theorem. The principal problem encountered with type-1 fuzzy systems is that they can deliver a non satisfactory performance in face of uncertainty and imprecision. In this paper, a new type-2 fuzzy system based on type-2 fuzzy basis functions was developed in order to use them in an indirect adaptive control.

Traditional food preparation requires fossil fuel producing pollution which induce to ecosystem’s damage, deforestation and health diseases. Solar cooker such as box type can be one of the solutions of this critical problems. This research paper deal with the temperatures and efficiency mapping of a realized box solar cooker. The cooker is designed with inclined aperture area, tested in Saharan hot climate of Ghardaîa. Several maps are generated by this study for summer and winter clear skies such as global solar radiation and concentrated irradiances. By using Black body temperature equation’s, maps for absorber temperatures are obtained, the efficiency map of the realized cooker is then deduced which allow the determination of the most exploitable areas corresponding to the climatic conditions of Algeria. It is found that the cooker can be used during all the year’s months in south regions of Algerian Sahara. In Sahara center regions, the use of the cooker will be reduced to 10 months (from February to November). The height plain can cook food with this device in all seasons of year accept in winter. However, the littoral regions can use the cooker only for 6 months in summer and spring seasons.