In the present study, both experimental and numerical were conducted on a free surface flow over an obstacle. Numerical simulations were performed using the Renormalization Group (RNG-k-ɛ) based Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model coupled with the Volume OF Fluid (VOF) method in FLUENT Software to investigate the effect of the channel slope on the flow pattern upstream, above and downstream the obstacle. Respectively, 5%, 7%, 8%, 10%, 20% and 50% channel slopes were considered. Numerical simulation has showed a good agreement compared against experimental results. Effect of the slope on the flow is observed particularly upstream of the obstacle where the flow takes the vertical direction after hitting the upstream wall. The more the slope becomes steeper, the higher the level of the water is. Recirculation zones in the case of a horizontal channel are elongated downstream the weir, whereas in the case of a sloped channel, they are localized just at the foot of the downstream wall.

In the present study, both experimental and numerical were conducted on a free surface flow over an obstacle. Numerical simulations were performed using the Renormalization Group (RNG-k-ɛ) based Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model coupled with the Volume OF Fluid (VOF) method in FLUENT Software to investigate the effect of the channel slope on the flow pattern upstream, above and downstream the obstacle. Respectively, 5%, 7%, 8%, 10%, 20% and 50% channel slopes were considered. Numerical simulation has showed a good agreement compared against experimental results. Effect of the slope on the flow is observed particularly upstream of the obstacle where the flow takes the vertical direction after hitting the upstream wall. The more the slope becomes steeper, the higher the level of the water is. Recirculation zones in the case of a horizontal channel are elongated downstream the weir, whereas in the case of a sloped channel, they are localized just at the foot of the downstream wall.

In the present study, both experimental and numerical were conducted on a free surface flow over an obstacle. Numerical simulations were performed using the Renormalization Group (RNG-k-ɛ) based Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model coupled with the Volume OF Fluid (VOF) method in FLUENT Software to investigate the effect of the channel slope on the flow pattern upstream, above and downstream the obstacle. Respectively, 5%, 7%, 8%, 10%, 20% and 50% channel slopes were considered. Numerical simulation has showed a good agreement compared against experimental results. Effect of the slope on the flow is observed particularly upstream of the obstacle where the flow takes the vertical direction after hitting the upstream wall. The more the slope becomes steeper, the higher the level of the water is. Recirculation zones in the case of a horizontal channel are elongated downstream the weir, whereas in the case of a sloped channel, they are localized just at the foot of the downstream wall.

The present study focuses on the investigation of the behaviour of a reduced model of a reinforced soil massif by a sand column tested in the laboratory. These tests involved the installation of sand columns in clay specimens (kaolin) by different methods. The specimens thus obtained are subjected to the same oedometric loading program. The first part of this work aims to study the effect of the intensity of the compaction stress of the sand columns on the surrounding soil and the effect on the behaviour of the soil-column massif. The sand columns were installed with the soil replacement method and with compacting of the columns (WR_WC). Three different compaction stresses were used to install the columns. In the second part, a sand column 20 mm in diameter was installed by two methods: one with replacement of the soil (WR) and without compaction and the other with displacement of the soil (WD). A comparison between the two methods has been established. By determining the equivalent characteristics for the soil-column massif, this study made it possible to characterize the effect of the installation method of the columns on the settlements, the void ratioe of kaolin, the equivalent void ratio e_eq of the massif soil-column and on the compressibility parameters of the massif (equivalent compression index C_ceq and swelling index C_seq), by comparing the results obtained with those of the unreinforced soils that constitute the reference case. The results obtained showed that the techniques used for the installation of columns have significant effects on the behaviour of reinforced massifs.

The present study focuses on the investigation of the behaviour of a reduced model of a reinforced soil massif by a sand column tested in the laboratory. These tests involved the installation of sand columns in clay specimens (kaolin) by different methods. The specimens thus obtained are subjected to the same oedometric loading program. The first part of this work aims to study the effect of the intensity of the compaction stress of the sand columns on the surrounding soil and the effect on the behaviour of the soil-column massif. The sand columns were installed with the soil replacement method and with compacting of the columns (WR_WC). Three different compaction stresses were used to install the columns. In the second part, a sand column 20 mm in diameter was installed by two methods: one with replacement of the soil (WR) and without compaction and the other with displacement of the soil (WD). A comparison between the two methods has been established. By determining the equivalent characteristics for the soil-column massif, this study made it possible to characterize the effect of the installation method of the columns on the settlements, the void ratioe of kaolin, the equivalent void ratio e_eq of the massif soil-column and on the compressibility parameters of the massif (equivalent compression index C_ceq and swelling index C_seq), by comparing the results obtained with those of the unreinforced soils that constitute the reference case. The results obtained showed that the techniques used for the installation of columns have significant effects on the behaviour of reinforced massifs.

The present study focuses on the investigation of the behaviour of a reduced model of a reinforced soil massif by a sand column tested in the laboratory. These tests involved the installation of sand columns in clay specimens (kaolin) by different methods. The specimens thus obtained are subjected to the same oedometric loading program. The first part of this work aims to study the effect of the intensity of the compaction stress of the sand columns on the surrounding soil and the effect on the behaviour of the soil-column massif. The sand columns were installed with the soil replacement method and with compacting of the columns (WR_WC). Three different compaction stresses were used to install the columns. In the second part, a sand column 20 mm in diameter was installed by two methods: one with replacement of the soil (WR) and without compaction and the other with displacement of the soil (WD). A comparison between the two methods has been established. By determining the equivalent characteristics for the soil-column massif, this study made it possible to characterize the effect of the installation method of the columns on the settlements, the void ratioe of kaolin, the equivalent void ratio e_eq of the massif soil-column and on the compressibility parameters of the massif (equivalent compression index C_ceq and swelling index C_seq), by comparing the results obtained with those of the unreinforced soils that constitute the reference case. The results obtained showed that the techniques used for the installation of columns have significant effects on the behaviour of reinforced massifs.

The present study focuses on the investigation of the behaviour of a reduced model of a reinforced soil massif by a sand column tested in the laboratory. These tests involved the installation of sand columns in clay specimens (kaolin) by different methods. The specimens thus obtained are subjected to the same oedometric loading program. The first part of this work aims to study the effect of the intensity of the compaction stress of the sand columns on the surrounding soil and the effect on the behaviour of the soil-column massif. The sand columns were installed with the soil replacement method and with compacting of the columns (WR_WC). Three different compaction stresses were used to install the columns. In the second part, a sand column 20 mm in diameter was installed by two methods: one with replacement of the soil (WR) and without compaction and the other with displacement of the soil (WD). A comparison between the two methods has been established. By determining the equivalent characteristics for the soil-column massif, this study made it possible to characterize the effect of the installation method of the columns on the settlements, the void ratioe of kaolin, the equivalent void ratio e_eq of the massif soil-column and on the compressibility parameters of the massif (equivalent compression index C_ceq and swelling index C_seq), by comparing the results obtained with those of the unreinforced soils that constitute the reference case. The results obtained showed that the techniques used for the installation of columns have significant effects on the behaviour of reinforced massifs.

In this paper, the exact solutions to the AB nonlinear system are investigated. This system is reduced via two different transformations to a sine-Gordon equation and a quasilinear equation for a new dependent variable ϕ. Solutions to a sineGordon equation and a quasilinear equation are found. Hence, the original system can well be solved for such ϕ. Also, a similar approach is proposed to solve analytically an eventual extension system for the case of variable coefficients.

In this paper, the exact solutions to the AB nonlinear system are investigated. This system is reduced via two different transformations to a sine-Gordon equation and a quasilinear equation for a new dependent variable ϕ. Solutions to a sineGordon equation and a quasilinear equation are found. Hence, the original system can well be solved for such ϕ. Also, a similar approach is proposed to solve analytically an eventual extension system for the case of variable coefficients.

In this paper, the exact solutions to the AB nonlinear system are investigated. This system is reduced via two different transformations to a sine-Gordon equation and a quasilinear equation for a new dependent variable ϕ. Solutions to a sineGordon equation and a quasilinear equation are found. Hence, the original system can well be solved for such ϕ. Also, a similar approach is proposed to solve analytically an eventual extension system for the case of variable coefficients.

In recent years the development of health science to improve people’s lives and reduce the death rate from cardiovascular disease, researchers have invested in the solution of stents to treat cardiovascular disease. Usually a permanent implant (metal stent) is used to treat a temporary disease, effective on elastic recoil and negative remodeling, but promoting intimate proliferation. This is combated by an active stent, which nevertheless induces chronic inflammation and delayed healing (because of active drugs), with the risk of late thrombosis. The idea of resolution leads to the study of the behavior of temporary stent biodegradable and bioresorbable, once the healing process is completed. The purpose of this study is to reduce the disadvantages of metal stents, to do this; a biodegradable material (polylactic acid) is used. The fatigue behavior of a stent after its placement using geometric parameters selected from clinical cases (diastole and systole). A finite element numerical study in the field of biomaterial fatigue is proposed in order to investigate and understand the biodegradable behavior of the stent. The results of the numerical study show the predicted lifetime of the biodegradable fragrance.

In recent years the development of health science to improve people’s lives and reduce the death rate from cardiovascular disease, researchers have invested in the solution of stents to treat cardiovascular disease. Usually a permanent implant (metal stent) is used to treat a temporary disease, effective on elastic recoil and negative remodeling, but promoting intimate proliferation. This is combated by an active stent, which nevertheless induces chronic inflammation and delayed healing (because of active drugs), with the risk of late thrombosis. The idea of resolution leads to the study of the behavior of temporary stent biodegradable and bioresorbable, once the healing process is completed. The purpose of this study is to reduce the disadvantages of metal stents, to do this; a biodegradable material (polylactic acid) is used. The fatigue behavior of a stent after its placement using geometric parameters selected from clinical cases (diastole and systole). A finite element numerical study in the field of biomaterial fatigue is proposed in order to investigate and understand the biodegradable behavior of the stent. The results of the numerical study show the predicted lifetime of the biodegradable fragrance.

In recent years the development of health science to improve people’s lives and reduce the death rate from cardiovascular disease, researchers have invested in the solution of stents to treat cardiovascular disease. Usually a permanent implant (metal stent) is used to treat a temporary disease, effective on elastic recoil and negative remodeling, but promoting intimate proliferation. This is combated by an active stent, which nevertheless induces chronic inflammation and delayed healing (because of active drugs), with the risk of late thrombosis. The idea of resolution leads to the study of the behavior of temporary stent biodegradable and bioresorbable, once the healing process is completed. The purpose of this study is to reduce the disadvantages of metal stents, to do this; a biodegradable material (polylactic acid) is used. The fatigue behavior of a stent after its placement using geometric parameters selected from clinical cases (diastole and systole). A finite element numerical study in the field of biomaterial fatigue is proposed in order to investigate and understand the biodegradable behavior of the stent. The results of the numerical study show the predicted lifetime of the biodegradable fragrance.