Digital twins have transformed the industrial world by changing the development phase of a product or the use of equipment. With the digital twin, the object’s evolution data allows us to anticipate and optimize its performance. Healthcare is in the midst of a digital transition towards personalized, predictive, preventive, and participatory medicine. The digital twin is one of the key tools of this change. In this work, DT is proposed for the diagnosis of breast cancer based on breast skin temperature. Research has focused on thermography as a non-invasive scanning solution for breast cancer diagnosis. However, body temperature is influenced by many factors, such as breast anatomy, physiological functions, blood pressure, etc. The proposed DT updates the bio-heat model’s temperature using the data collected by temperature sensors and complementary data from smart devices. Consequently, the proposed DT is personalized using the collected data to reflect the person’s behavior with whom it is connected.

Améliorer la performance d’un système de reconnaissance de formes fait l’objet de recherche dans de nombreuses disciplines. On obtient cette amélioration par l’optimisation dans les différents partis du système de reconnaissance de formes : les prétraitements, l’extraction des paramètres caractéristique (primitives), la classification. Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse abordent le problème de la reconnaissance des chiffres arabe imprimés et manuscrits. L’objectif principal de ce travail est l’amélioration de la performance en terme de taux de reconnaissance par l’application d’un système multi classificateur (MCS). Différents classifieurs sont utilisés (KPPV, PMC, SVM, LDA, Arbre de décision, Na{\"ıve Bayesien, Pseudo inverse), à l’aide de différents types de vecteurs de caractéristiques extraite de l’image. Enfin, comme les performances de MCS dépendent des performances des classifieurs appliquée (les performances individuelles des classifieurs), et comme la performance d’un classifieur dépend ainsi des caractéristiques utilisé l’optimisation de l’extractions des primitives pertinentes est également abordée dans la thèse. Nous avons réalisé plusieurs simulations pour éprouver les classifications, en introduisant des améliorations dans les paramètres caractéristiques et en faisant des combinaisons de classifieurs. Dans une première partie, nous montrons l’intérêt de l’utilisation des paramètres caractéristique pertinente, à l’aide des classifieur individuelle (séparé, indépendants) comme source d’inspiration pour la conception de nouveaux paramètres. Nous proposons en particulier une amélioration de primitives pour la caractérisation des chiffres. On montre qu’il est possible de développer une solution efficace, à moindre coût en terme de réduction de vecteur caractéristique et transformation géométrique. Donc, Le système développé s’articule autour de quatre modules distincts. Un module de prétraitements, un d’extraction des paramètres caractéristique, un module de reconnaissance (classification) et un module de combinaison de classifieurs. Ce dernier est chargé de fusionner les sorties (décisions) de chaque classifieur basant sur des méthodes (règles) de fusion. Les résultats obtenus sur les bases des chiffres imprimés et la base MNIST des chiffres manuscrits sont prometteurs. Cette thèse apporte quelques contributions pour faire avancer notre compréhension dans ce domaine de recherche en pleine expansion

L’objectif principal de notre thèse est de proposer des approches hybride basées sur les SMA d’un côté, et l’exploitation de méthodes d’émergences tels que les Algorithmes Génétiques (AG) et les algorithmes du Système Immunitaire Artificiel (SIA), pour mieux intégrer des politiques de maintenance préventive systématique dans les ateliers d’ordonnancement. L’objectif est de minimiser les temps d’exécutions pendant le déroulement de l’ordonnancement. Nous avons utilisé des opérateurs avancés tels que ; la clé aléatoire pour le codage, la sélection de classement, le croisement uniforme et la mutation ponctuelle unique. Par ailleurs, nous avons défini une nouvelle procédure de calcul d'affinité dans le cadre de l’approche FSHMAIA. Cette procédure est basée sur le calcul d’un rapport de similarité des anticorps. Pour cela, nous avons proposé un algorithme basé sur quatre critère pour calculer le rapport se similarité. Nous avons également évalué les adaptations de certaines heuristiques bien connues, y compris Johnson (m / 2, m / 2), NEHH, PCDT et PLDT, Un benchmark a été établi pour évaluer les algorithmes. Le benchmark contenu jusqu'à 100 jobs et 8 étages. Tous les résultats ont montré que le FSHMAIA donne les meilleurs résultats par rapport aux autres algorithmes, dans les trois politiques de la MP. L’originalité de cette thèse réside dans l’utilisation des SMA avec les AG et les SIA dans l’intégration des politiques de maintenance préventive systématique dans un ordonnancement de type flow shop hybride.

La quatrième révolution industrielle (nommée aussi l’Internet Industriel des Objets) dépend totalement sur la numérisation à travers l’Internet des objets et les réseaux virtuels. Cette révolution qui évolue à un rythme exponentiel, et non plus linéaire, va permettre la création d’usines, d’industries et de processus plus intelligents qui vont ensuite se traduire par une amélioration de la flexibilité, de la productivité et une meilleure utilisation des ressources matérielles et humaines. Cet article est consacré à introduire cette nouvelle révolution industrielle (industrie4.0), les technologies majeurs participant à son apparition, leur bénéfices attendus ainsi que leurs enjeux à prendre en considération.

The infill walls are usually considered as nonstructural elements and, thus, are not taken into account in analytical models. However, numerous researches have shown that they can significantly affect the seismic response of the structures. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of masonry infill on the damage response of steel frame without and with various types of openings systems subjected to nonlinear static analysis and nonlinear time history analysis. For the purposes of the above investigation, a comprehensive assessment is conducted using twelve typical types of steel frame without masonry, with full masonry and with different heights and widths of openings. The results revealed that the influence of the successive earthquake phenomenon on the structural damage is larger for the infill buildings compared to the bare structures. Furthermore, when buildings with masonry infill are analyzed for seismic sequences, it is of great importance to account for the orientation of the seismic motion. The nonlinear static response indicated that the opening area has an influence on the maximal strength, the ductility and the initial rigidity of these frames. But the shape of the opening will not influence the global behavior. Then, the nonlinear time history analysis indicates that the global displacement is greatly decreased and even the behavior of the curve is affected by the earthquake intensity when opening is considered.

Owing to the comeback of small-scale models, this paper presents results of an experimental study based on the effect of underground circular voids on strip footing placed on the edge of a cohesionless slope and subjected to eccentric loads. The bearing capacity-settlement relationship of footing on the slope and impact of diverse variables are expressed using dimensionless parameters such as the top vertical distance of the void from the base of footing, horizontal space linking the void-footing centre, and load eccentricity. The results verified that the stability of strip footing is influenced by the underground void, as well as the critical depth between the soil and top layer of the void. The critical horizontal distance between the void and the centre was also affected by the underground void. Furthermore, the results also verified that the influence of the void appeared insignificant when it was positioned at a depth or eccentricity equal to twice the width of footing.

This work is divided into two parts. In the first part, we are mainly interested in the detailed description and the geological, hydrogeological, climatological and geotechnical characterization of the Boumagueur study region. The second part shows the results of an experimental study carried out in the laboratory to determine the swelling parameters of a swelling clayey soil from Boumagueur region. Subsequently, a study of the suction influence on volume behavior and on swelling parameters was carried out.

The aim of this work is to study the mechanical behavior of the sediments extracted from the Koudiet Meddaouar, Timgad dam (Algeria), for a possible valorization in the field for building works in order to minimize this phenomenon which is currently a concern for the operators and the persons in charge of the mobilization of the water resources. This siltation therefore severely limits its storage capacity and consequently it’s operating life. The extraction of the sediments accumulated in the dam’s reservoir is therefore imperative, on the pain of seeing it perish in the medium term. These sediments are, however, of great geotechnical and mechanical value. The results of the tests conducted in the laboratory have enabled us to identify the different sediments from a physical and geotechnical point of view In front of the difficulties noted in the control of the silting up of the dams in Algeria, a very important quantity of silt being deposited annually in the dams. In order to achieve our objective, different mixtures of silt with or without lime treatment, cement glass fibers and powdered fibers were studied for the possible manufacture of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB). The results obtained show that some of the mixtures present very interesting results in the different tests (compression and bending), verifying the conditions of the standards in force and thus allowing their use in the field of the manufacture of building materials.

This study aimed to investigate whether the seismic fragility and performance of interaction soil-pile-structure (ISPS) were affected by different parameters:  axial load, a section of the pile, and the longitudinal steel ratio of the pile were implanted in different type of sand (loose, medium, dense). In order to better understand the ISPS phenomena, a series of nonlinear static analysis have been conducted for two different cases, namely: (i) fixed system and (ii) ISPS system, to get the curves of the capacity of every parameter for developing the fragility curve. After a comparison of the numerical results of pushover analysis and fragility curves, the results indicate that these parameters are significantly influenced on lateral capacity, ductility and seismic fragility on the ISPS. The increasing in the axial load exhibit high probabilities of exceeding the damage state. The increase in pile section and longitudinal steel ratio, the effect of probability damage (low and high) are not only related to the propriety geometrically, but also related to the values of ductility and lateral capacity of the system.

The objective of the present manuscript is to describe the impact of polypropylene fibers on the behavior of heated concrete subjected to heating and cooling cycles at temperatures of 200, 450 and 600 °C respectively for six hours, through a series of experimental tests on mass loss, water absorption, porosity, compressive and tensile strength. For this purpose, mixes were prepared with a water/cement ratio with the incorporation of polypropylene fibers with a rate varying from 0.5 to 1.5%. These fibers were added in order to improve the thermal stability and to prevent the concrete from splitting. The results show that a considerable loss of strength was noticed for all tested specimens. The relative compressive strengths of the concretes containing polypropylene fibers were higher than those of the concretes without fibers. Also, a greater loss of mass of the polypropylene fibers compared to those without fibers was noticed when increasing the temperature. The flexural tensile strength of the concrete was more sensitive to elevated temperatures than the compressive strength and a rapid increase in porosity was observed for the fiber-reinforced concrete compared to the reference concrete. Furthermore, water absorption by the fibers is proportional to the fiber content of the concrete.

The stability and strength of slender Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns depend directly on the flexural stiffness EI, which is a major parameter in strain calculations including those with bending and axial load. Due to the non-linearity of the stress-strain curve of concrete, the effective bending stiffness EI always remains variable. Numerical simulations were performed for square and L-shaped reinforced concrete sections of slender columns subjected to an eccentric axial force to estimate the variation of El resulting from the actual behavior of the column, based on the moment-curvature relationship. Seventy thousand (70000) hypothetical slender columns, each with a different combination of variables, were used to investigate the main variables that affect the EI of RC slender columns. Using linear regression analysis, a new simple and linear expression of EI was developed. Slenderness, axial load level, and concrete strength have been identified as the most important factors affecting effective stiffness. Finally, the comparison between the results of the new equation and the methods proposed by ACI-318 and Euro Code-2 was carried out in connection with the experimental results of the literature. A good agreement of the results was found.