Le système éducatif algérien, comme celui des autres pays, s’est mobilisé pour refonder une école adaptée aux exigences et aux enjeux de la mondialisation et de la globalisation. L’objectif majeur étant l’ouverture vers le monde et la promotion d’une approche interculturelle tout en contribuant étroitement au développement identitaire et personnel de l’apprenant. Ces observations font mieux comprendre la nécessité d’une réflexion sur la place accordée à la dimension (inter)culturelle dans les discours officiels ainsi que dans les programmes d’enseignement du FLE, à l’ère de la nouvelle réforme du système éducatif algérien. Le but est de mesurer le degré de conformité des finalités que prônent les textes institutionnels par rapport au contenu des nouveaux manuels scolaires et de vérifier, in fine, l’impact de cette dimension sur la construction identitaire, sociale et psychologique de l’apprenant.

L’Histoire du Maghreb a incontestablement influencé l’imaginaire de ses écrivains. À travers une vision transversale sur le roman maghrébin de langue fran\c caise, cette contribution tente de comprendre la prise en charge de l’acte de réconciliation par la transgression scripturale , ainsi tous les liens entre auteur/lecteur; øe}uvre/réception qui mettent en exergue l’importance des stratégies scripturales et idéologiques utilisées par les auteurs comme vecteur pour faire passer leur message et qui soulignent leur volonté de sortir d’une logique de revendication et de déplacer le débat sur la voie du dialogue et de la réconciliation . Mots clés: transgressions scripturales, réconciliation spectrale, horizon d’attente , auteur/lecteur , altérité.

Le présent article qui porte sur l’évaluation sommative du FLE vise à étudier la validité du contenu des questionnaires destinés à évaluer la compréhension de l’écrit au cycle moyen. Les résultats obtenus, suite à l’analyse des questionnaires recueillis ont révélé que les items élaborés par les enseignants-concepteurs ne contribuent pas à apporter des preuves sur la compétence des apprenants au niveau de la construction du sens des textes lus. Ces questionnaires ne sont pas donc suffisamment valides pour évaluer ladite compétence. Abstract: This article, which focuses on the summative evaluation of French Foreign Language, examines the validity of content of questionnaires designed to assess the comprehension of texts in the middle cycle. The results obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires collected revealed that the items developed by the teachers-designers do not contribute to proving the competence of the learners to construct the meaning of the texts read. These questionnaires are therefore not sufficiently valid to evaluate this competence.

Notre contribution qui porte sur le jeu théâtral (à partir des contes) tente de préciser la démarche à suivre pour pratiquer le théâtre en classe de FLE. La littérature scientifique consultée expose des méthodes (ensembles d’étapes) variées, en dépit de certaines similitudes, adaptées à la variété des publics. Ceci justifie notre expérimentation menée auprès des apprenants algériens dans le but de déterminer quelles étapes conviennent le plus à ces apprenants. Bien que les expérimentations ici décrites se réduisent à celles menées auprès des collégiens (apprenants du cycle moyen), les propositions fournies suite à notre analyse concernent les publics débutants, intermédiaires et de niveau avancé ; car elles tiennent compte de nos expériences avec des apprenants du primaire et des étudiants universitaires. Abstract Our contribution, which focuses on theatrical play (based on stories), attempts to specify the procedure to follow to practice the theater in class of French as Foreign Language. The scientific literature consulted offers a variety of methods (steps), despite certain similarities, adapted to the variety of publics. This justifies our experimentation realized with Algerian learners in order to determine which stages are most suitable for these learners. Although the experiments described are limited to those realized with students of college (middle school learners), the proposals provided following our analysis concern beginners, intermediates and advanced publics; 

L’objectif de cette recherche est de voir l’impact de l’opérationnalisation de la perspective actionnelle sur l’apprentissage lors d’une séance d’éducation scientifique et technologique en classe de préscolaire en Algérie. Nous avons mené une expérimentation dans cette classe pour pouvoir mesurer l’écart de l’interaction et de la motivation chez les élèves dans deux situations d’apprentissage différentes, impliquant un scénario ludique et des tâches à exécuter. L’analyse et la discussion des résultats obtenus nous ont permis de vérifier notre hypothèse de départ et de dire que le jeu a rendu l’apprentissage plus attractif et efficace tout en rendant l’élève acteur social plus interactif.

Traduire n’est pas un exercice facile. Alors quand il s’agit de parémie et de phrasèmes, cela devient quasi impossible. Traducteurs, interprètes et traductologues s’en plaignent constamment. Justement, ce travail cherche à identifier les difficultés diverses soulevées par cet exercice délicat. L’objectif de notre intervention est de sensibiliser toutes les personnes concernées par la langue dans ses divers usages (linguistes, didacticiens, enseignants praticiens) à et sur la presque inextricable question de la traduction, spécialement idiomatique et parémique. Le pourquoi serait quelquefois dans les « écarts » subséquemment exploités à savoir, l’aspect phonétique : rime, assonance, etc., l’aspect lexical: valeur sémantique, épaisseur culturelle et marque chronologique : archa{\"ısme ou néologisme…

Dans une optique scripturale, le présent article propose de spéculer sur les différentes stratégies adoptées dans l’écriture romanesque qui permettent de qualifier une écriture, non pas seulement d’historique, mais aussi de mémorielle. Nous aurons à élucider le parcours permettant de matérialiser la mémoire dans l’øe}uvre de Nassira Belloula « terre des femmes » et voir, subsidiairement, comment elle a suscité la réminiscence et le regain mémoriel notamment à travers la conjugaison de la mémoire à l’infini en en multipliant les facettes.

The efficient data investigation for fast and accurate remaining useful life prediction of aircraft engines can be considered as a very important task for maintenance operations. In this context, the key issue is how an appropriate investigation can be conducted for the extraction of important information from data-driven sequences in high dimensional space in order to guarantee a reliable conclusion. In this paper, a new data-driven learning scheme based on an online sequential extreme learning machine algorithm is proposed for remaining useful life prediction. Firstly, a new feature mapping technique based on stacked autoencoders is proposed to enhance features representations through an accurate reconstruction. In addition, to attempt into addressing dynamic programming based on environmental feedback, a new dynamic forgetting function based on the temporal difference of recursive learning is introduced to enhance dynamic tracking ability of newly coming data. Moreover, a new updated selection strategy was developed in order to discard the unwanted data sequences and to ensure the convergence of the training model parameters to their appropriate values. The proposed approach is validated on the C-MAPSS dataset where experimental results confirm that it yields satisfactory accuracy and efficiency of the prediction model compared to other existing methods.

Nowadays, successful and innovative product development is highly correlated with the company’s success and reason for existence. A development process is a major factor influencing cost, timing and quality of product development. It requires additional attention to decisions made about programme, budget, technical and market risks. In this paper a product development process model is proposed in an innovation context and strategy framework of design process and project management. The process modelling is complex network theory based, to improve characterization analysis for product development process modelling. Required concepts for complex process are established to build product development mathematical model, and provide an overview of key definitions and complex networks advanced tools. Finally, a case study for an Algerian electric generator company is carried out to prove the practicality of the proposed model.

Prevention and protection of explosions are two notions often used subjectively, and to transform them into operative terms of decision support, it is indispensable to develop quantitative or semiquantitative approaches to determine the hazardous zones. The “classical and point-source” approaches that determine ATEX (explosive atmospheres) zones are semiquantitative methods that can meet the requirements of the ATEX directives (Directives 99/92/EC and 94/9/EC). The methodology’s principle in determining ATEX zones consists in making a comparison with typical examples “classical approach” and to identify the source points, determine the degree of discharge, identify the type of the zone, determine the radius of the zone and ultimately the extent and shape of this zone “source point approach.” The aim of this work is, on the one hand, to propose and present a classification methodology of the ATEX zones and, on the other hand, to apply the proposed methodology in a hydrocarbon separator.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic poses an unprecedented global challenge, impacting profoundly on health and wellbeing, daily life, and the economy around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has also changed education forever. The COVID-19 has resulted in schools shut all across the world. Globally, all children at schools or students at universities are out of the classroom. As a result, education has changed dramatically, with the notable rise of e-learning, whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. Batna 2 University -situated in East of Algeria- is one of the universities suggested after the spread of COVID-19 in March, that online learning has been shown to increase retention of information, and take less time, meaning the changes coronavirus have caused might be here to stay. All institutes and departments, including the Industrial Engineering department, are started using the e-learning Moodle platform to publish courses for all degrees of study and establish online sessions, especially for Ph.D. students.

The organisations having a futuristic look and aiming to impose their presence in the industrial field for a long possible term, are seeking for finding solutions linked to controlling their cash flow and assessing their competitiveness performances. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new quality and cost value stream mapping for monitoring the costs consumption and assessing the competitiveness of a company. We use three key concepts namely life cycle costing for estimation of the most influential costs on the manufacturing process, the weighted DPMO and Sigma level for assessing the quality level and the competitiveness of the company. Finally, the data obtained are mapped using value stream mapping method for enabling the determination of dysfunctions in the cost and quality context.

The organisations having a futuristic look and aiming to impose their presence in the industrial field for a long possible term, are seeking for finding solutions linked to controlling their cash flow and assessing their competitiveness performances. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new quality and cost value stream mapping for monitoring the costs consumption and assessing the competitiveness of a company. We use three key concepts namely life cycle costing for estimation of the most influential costs on the manufacturing process, the weighted DPMO and Sigma level for assessing the quality level and the competitiveness of the company. Finally, the data obtained are mapped using value stream mapping method for enabling the determination of dysfunctions in the cost and quality context.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate an integrated approach that aims at enhancing the application process of value stream mapping (VSM) method. It also proposes an extended VSM called Economic and Environmental VSM(E-EVSM). The proposed approach highlights the improvement of economic and environmental performances. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach has studied the integration of VSM, fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) to improve the economic and environmental performances of manufacturing processes. The VSM method is used for data collection and manufacturing process assessment, whereas fuzzy DEMATEL is used to analyse the current state map. Finally, fuzzy QFD is used to organize the improvement phase of VSM method. Findings The clear findings of this research prove the effectiveness of VSM method on the environmental and economic performances of manufacturing processes. In addition, the proposed approach will show the advantages of fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy QFD approaches in improving the application of the VSM method. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study includes the lack of consideration of other dimensions such as social, technological and managerial. In addition, the proposed approach studied an average set of environmental and economic indicators. Originality/value The novelty of the proposed approach is proved by the development of an extended VSM method (E-EVSM). Also, the proposed approach contributes by a new methodology for analysing and improving the current state map of manufacturing processes.

This paper presents a new hardware implementation of a supervision system used in robot manipulators with two degrees of freedom. In addition to the simulation results, the new System Generator tool of Xilinx r is used to ensure self-generation of HDL codes. This code is used to configure field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) devices in the loop, and the supervision system is used mainly to ensure real-time reconfiguration of robots. In the proposed system, we used a new fault detection (FD) method for a viscous friction fault in the supervised robot combined with a fault-tolerance control method. The first module, based on residual analysis, is used to FD and to properly estimate the necessary corrections of the second module. For data transmission between the supervisor and the supervised robots, we used an approach based on the transmission control protocol. The simulation results show that the proposed method adjusts the fault effect using information transferred from the remote supervisor robot. The hardware implementation generated using Xilinx r System Generator is used to validate the proposed contribution and to ensure real-time processing in the case of industrial robots. The simulation results and the response times of both proposed systems are compared and discussed.

The emerging behavior in complex systems is more complicated than the sum of the behaviors of their constituent parts. This behavior involves the propagation of faults between the parts and requires information about how the parts are related. Therefore, the prognostic function at the system-level becomes a very tough task. Conventional approaches focus on identifying faults and their probabilities of occurrence. In complex systems, this can create statistical limitations for prognostic function where component fault relies on the connected components in the system and their state of degradations. In this paper, a new Holonic agent-based approach is proposed for system-level remaining useful life (S-RUL) estimation with different dependencies. As the proposed approach can capture fault/failure mode propagation and interactions that occur in the system all the way up through the component and eventually system level, it can work as an automatic testing-tool in reliability tasks. Through a numerical example, the implementation is done in Java Agent Development Environment with and without consideration of stochastic dependence. Results show that the indirect effect of influencing components has a massive impact on the S-RUL, and the impact of stochastic dependencies should not be ignored, especially in the early stages of the system design.

The existing literature on process scheduling issues have either ignored installation times or assumed that installation times on all machines is free by association with the task sequence. This working arrangement addresses hybrid flow shop scheduling issues under which there are sequence-dependent configuration times referred to as HFS with SDST. This family of production systems are common in industries such as biological printed circuit boards, metallurgy and vehicles and automobiles making. Due to the increasing complexity of industrialized sectors, simple planning systems have failed to create a realistic industrial scheduling. Therefore, a hybrid multi-agent and immune algorithm can be used as an alternative approach to solve complex problems and produce an efficient industrial schedule in a timely manner. We propose in this paper a multi-agent and immune hybrid algorithms for scheduling HFS with SDST. The findings of this paper suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms some of the existing ones including PSO (particle swarm optimization), GA (Genetic Algorithm), LSA (Local Search Algorithm) and NEHH (Nawaz Enscore and Ham).

The existing literature on process scheduling issues have either ignored installation times or assumed that installation times on all machines is free by association with the task sequence. This working arrangement addresses hybrid flow shop scheduling issues under which there are sequence-dependent configuration times referred to as HFS with SDST. This family of production systems are common in industries such as biological printed circuit boards, metallurgy and vehicles and automobiles making. Due to the increasing complexity of industrialized sectors, simple planning systems have failed to create a realistic industrial scheduling. Therefore, a hybrid multi-agent and immune algorithm can be used as an alternative approach to solve complex problems and produce an efficient industrial schedule in a timely manner. We propose in this paper a multi-agent and immune hybrid algorithms for scheduling HFS with SDST. The findings of this paper suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms some of the existing ones including PSO (particle swarm optimization), GA (Genetic Algorithm), LSA (Local Search Algorithm) and NEHH (Nawaz Enscore and Ham).

Communication and teamwork are among the most recurrent skills associated with knowledge of engineering sciences. However, their application is not simple, due to the lack of a pedagogical approach that contributes to the development of knowledge based on experience. The problem in factories is the lack of daily self learning to avoid the essential presence of the experts in to resolve problems. In this work, we defined what is a learning organization, what is a tutorial and why a personalized tutorial in a trade, its different forms and steps for the development of a tutorial. After we gave a presentation of the company that is Textile Batna. This article discusses how to design a personalized tutorial, oriented and aimed at learning and knowledge transfer in the industry. By developing this system we aim to build an experimental database serving to preserve the knowledge of the production industry expertise of the Batna textile factory. We have designed a tutorial for the company in the form of a website. For this, the UML language was used. The tutorial features were presented. It helped employees to aquire certain skills without assistance of experts.