In wireless sensor networks, one of the most important constraints is the low power consumption requirement. For that reason, several hierarchical or cluster-based routing methods have been proposed to provide an efficient way to save energy during communication. However, their main challenge is to have efficient mechanisms to achieve the trade-off between increasing the network lifetime and accomplishing acceptable transmission latency. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol for cluster-based wireless sensor networks called PEAL (Power Efficient and Adaptive Latency). Our simulation results show that PEAL can extend the network lifetime about 47% compared to the classic protocol LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and introduces an acceptable transmission latency compared to the energy conservation gain.

In this work, we present piecewise constant Galerkin method for a class of Cauchy singular integral equations of the second kind with constant coefficients in L2([0,1],C), using a sequence of orthogonal finite rank projections. We prove the existence and uniqueness theorems for the Cauchy integral equation and the approximate equation, respectively. We perform the error analysis for which we give new and improved estimates for the rates of convergence. Numerical example illustrates the theoretical results.

In this paper, a new junctionless optical controlled field effect transistor (JL-OCFET) and its comprehensive theoretical model is proposed to achieve high optical performance and low cost fabrication process. Exhaustive study of the device characteristics and comparison between the proposed junctionless design and the conventional inversion mode structure (IM-OCFET) for similar dimensions are performed. Our investigation reveals that the proposed design exhibits an outstanding capability to be an alternative to the IM-OCFET due to the high performance and the weak signal detection benefit offered by this design. Moreover, the developed analytical expressions are exploited to formulate the objective functions to optimize the device performance using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) approach. The optimized JL-OCFET not only demonstrates good performance in terms of derived drain current and responsivity, but also exhibits superior signal to noise ratio, low power consumption, high-sensitivity, high ION/IOFF ratio and high-detectivity as compared to the conventional IM-OCFET counterpart. These characteristics make the optimized JL-OCFET potentially suitable for developing low cost and ultrasensitive photodetectors for high-performance and low cost inter-chips data communication applications.

This study was planned to determine the frequency of β-thalassemia mutations in Batna region (Northeast Algeria). Nineteen blood samples of clinically thalassemic children patients were collected from Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Batna. We carried out the molecular genetics of beta globin gene by the method of minisequencing using Snapshot™ kit (Applied Biosystems) in search of the four most common HBB genetic variants including three β-thalassemia mutations: codon 39(C>T) (HBB: c.118C>T), IVSI-110(G>A) (HBB: c.93-21G>A), and IVSI-1-2(T>G) (HBB: c.92+2T>G), as well as the hemoglobin S variant (HBB: c.20A>T). We used direct DNA sequencing to detect the rare mutations of beta-globin gene. We have revealed the presence of four different β-globin gene mutations responsible for β-thalassemia in Batna region. According to our results, the nonsense mutation at codon 39 (C>T) is the most frequent mutation type in our province, the same as other geographical regions of Algeria. It is followed by codon 54(-T), detected in a second Algerian family (the proband was homozygote), and the first association of Hb Knossos: codon 27 (G>T) allele with codon 39 (C>T) in the Algerian population. Here we reportws also the association of codon 39(C>T) with IVS-I-110 (G>A). Our preliminary results show the predominance of codon 39 (c>t) mutation of HBB gene in Batna region

Bilayer of nickel and nickel oxide were deposited on glass substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The magnetic properties of the prepared thin films were carried out at room temperature in both parallel and perpendicular magnetic field to the sample. The Preisach model was applied to provide a mathematical model of the magnetic hysteresis loop in the case of parallel geometry, along the easy axis of the bi-layer NiO / Ni. Good agreement was obtained between the theoretical and experimental results.

A robust nonlinear controller based on an improved feedback linearization technique with state observer is developed for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties and external disturbances. First, by combining classical feedback linearization approach with a discontinuous control and a fuzzy logic system, we design and study a robust controller for uncertain nonlinear systems. Second, we propose an optimized extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the observation of the states. The parameters to be optimized are the covariance matrices Q and R, which play an important role in the EKF performances. The particle swarm optimization algorithm insures this optimization. Lyapunov synthesis approach is used to prove the stability of the whole control loop. The proposed approach is applied on a two-link robot system under Matlab environment. Simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach against uncertainties and external disturbances; and exhibited a more superior performance than the non-improved control actions.

Rock typing is a process of rock classification based on mineralogical composition, grainshape pore size distribution (PSD) and communication. In addition to rock-fluid interaction, dynamic behavior and the capillary effect are also considered. In that purpose data need process involve: integrating, analyzing and synthesizing data brought out from different source: Petrophysics, cores analysis, well tests, MDT tooland production profiles. Achievement of rock typing reservoir based on fluid - solid behavior and their relation constitute an important issue not only for making distinguished different rock types but also for fluid gas contacts.For the case study, our investigation is concerned with the determination of the rock type dynamism resulting in reservoir rocks having similar dynamic behavior. Outcome from this process is to establish a representative petrophysical model able to predict any effect own to the change of the rock properties or fluid characteristics. Establishment of numerical model in  that context, and its relative changes can be ascribed to rapid petrophysical variation characteristics: related to pore size, geometry, grain size distribution, fluid behavior and circulation with essential reference to permeability. This latter can affect the simulation time and consequently, the accuracy in the calculation process. In this conducted investigation, application of linear regression method is involving permeability and porosity core measurement, stressing on their coefficient of correlation. Results have led to different clusters classification according to the linearity regarding permeability-porosity changes. Extrapolation can be made for the non-cored reservoir sections or non-cored boreholes associated to the considered field. In that principle geological models can be set. Application of these listed method for TAGI (TriasArgilo-GreseuxInferieur: Lower Shaly – SansdtoneTriasic Formation) in B-H Basin (Algeria) has revealed the presence of six main rock types: sand type 1 (RT-1), sand Type 2 (RT-2), sand type 3 (RT-3), sand type 4 (RT-4), sand type 5 (RT-5) and sand type 6 (RT-6).

In this paper, a new metallic thin film engineering aspect is proposed to achieve superior absorption for TiO2/Metal/TiO2 on Silicon substrate UV-based photodetectors (PDs). The overall device optical performance comparison with three dissimilar metallic layers (Au, Ti, and Ag) is performed numerically using accurate solutions of Maxwell׳s equations. A comprehensive study of the device optical parameters such as the integral absorption, reflection, and rejection ratio is carried out, in order to reveal the device optical performance for UV optical interconnects and environment monitoring applications. We find that the optical performance are considerably improved as compared to the conventional design, where the proposed design offers superior integral absorption and lower total reflection with an acceptable rejection ratio in comparison with those provided by the conventional one. These improvements suggest the opportunity for optimizing the proposed design using particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach for achieving higher optical performance, where excellent capability is recorded in enhancing the device optical behavior. The obtained results make the prop sed device very efficient for compatible CMOS modern technology.

In this paper, a new hybrid approach by combining numerical investigation and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) classifier is proposed to study the thermoelectric performance of nanoscale Double Gate Junctionless DG JL MOSFET. In this context, a new Figure of Merit (FoM) parameter which combines both electrical and reliability characteristics is proposed. Moreover, the impact of Gaussian channel doping profile (GCD) in enhancing the DG JL MOSFET reliability against the self-heating effects (SHEs) is presented. The proposed design thermal stability and electrical characteristics are investigated and compared with those of the conventional structure in order to reveal the device performance including SHEs. It is found that the amended channel doping has a profound implication in improving both the device electrical performance and the reliability against the undesired self-heating and short channel effects (SCEs). Furthermore, the transistor thermal behavior analysis involves classification of the device performance by taking into account the device reliability. For this purpose, SVMs are adopted for supervised classification in order to identify the most favorable design configurations associated with suppressed SHEs and improved electrical performance. We find that the proposed design methodology has succeeded in selecting the better designs that offer superior reliability against the SHEs. The obtained results suggest the possibility for bridging the gap between high electrical performances with better immunity to the SHEs.