Motion detection is a live issue. Moving objects are an important clue for smart video surveillance systems. In this work we try to detect the motion in video surveillance systems. The aim of our work is to propose solutions for the automatic detection of moving objects in real time with a surveillance camera. We are interested by objects that have some geometric shape (circle, ellipse, square, and rectangle). Proposed approaches are based on background subtraction and edge detection. Proposed algorithms mainly consist of three steps: edge detection, extracting objects with some geometric shapes and motion detection of extracted objects.

Reduction of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in multilevel inverters requires resolution of complex nonlinear transcendental equations; in this paper we propose a combination of one of the best existing optimized hardware structures with the recent firefly algorithm, which was used to optimize the THD, through finding the best switching angles and guaranteeing the minimization of harmonics within a user defined bandwidth. The obtained THD through the simulation of the thirteen-level symmetric inverter has been reduced down to 5% (FFT of 60 harmonics). In order to validate the simulation results, a thirteen-level symmetric inverter prototype has been made, and practically experimented and tested with different loads. Consequently, the measured THD with resistive load was 4.7% on a bandwidth of 3 kHz. The main advantage of the achieved work is the reduction of the THD.

Providing quality of service (QoS) for real-time multimedia applications such as video streaming in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is an important challenge. MANETs are characterized by lack of fixed infrastructure, dynamic topology, and limited resources that make more difficult multimedia applications transport and run on this networks. To overcome this challenge, video coding techniques combined to multiple routing paths (multipath) is a promising technique for supporting transmission of multiple video streams with appropriate QoS over mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, firstly, many issues and different techniques for video streaming over MANET have been reviewed and secondly two multi paths routing protocols (M-AODV and MDSDV) have been evaluated in order to improve QoS for real-time multimedia applications. Results show that none of these two protocols is better than the other. In certain situations (throughput and load network with high mobility) is M-AODV but in others (network load and reliability for large-scale network) is MDSDV protocol which displays good performance. It is also noted that these two protocols provide between acceptable and good quality and a small jitter regardless of nodes number in medium mobility.

Modeling and design of rectangular microstrip patch printed on isotropic or anisotropic substrate are accomplished in this paper. The use of spectral domain method in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to compute the resonant characteristics of rectangular microstrip patch printed on isotropic or anisotropic substrates. The moment method implemented in the spectral domain offers good accurateness, but its computational cost is high owing to the evaluation of the slowly decaying integrals and the iterative nature of the solution process. The paper introduces the electromagnetic knowledge combined with ANN in the analysis of rectangular microstrip antenna on uniaxially anisotropic substrate to reduce the complexity of the spectral domain method and to minimize the CPU time necessary to obtain the numerical results. The numerical comparison between neurospectral and conventional moment methods shows significant improvements in time convergence and computational cost. Hence, the use of neurospectral approach presented here as a promising fast technique in the design of microstrip antennas.    

In this paper, a new MSM-UV-photodetector (PD) based on dual wide band-gap material (DM) engineering aspect is proposed to achieve high-performance self-powered device. Comprehensive analytical models for the proposed sensor photocurrent and the device properties are developed incorporating the impact of DM aspect on the device photoelectrical behavior. The obtained results are validated with the numerical data using commercial TCAD software. Our investigation demonstrates that the adopted design amendment modulates the electric field in the device, which provides the possibility to drive appropriate photo-generated carriers without an external applied voltage. This phenomenon suggests achieving the dual role of effective carriers’ separation and an efficient reduce of the dark current. Moreover, a new hybrid approach based on analytical modeling and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to achieve improved photoelectric behavior at zero bias that can ensure favorable self-powered MSM-based UV-PD. It is found that the proposed design methodology has succeeded in identifying the optimized design that offers a self-powered device with high-responsivity (98 mA/W) and superior ION/IOFF ratio (480 dB). These results make the optimized MSM-UV-DM-PD suitable for providing low cost self-powered devices for high-performance optical communication and monitoring applications.

In this paper, graded channel doping (GCD) and junctionless paradigms are proposed as a new ways to improve the optical controlled field effect transistor (OCFET) and bridging the gap between the high responsivity and ultra-low power consumption. A careful mechanism study based on numerical investigation and a performance comparison between the proposed structure and both the conventional inversion mode (IM-OCFET) and the junctionless (JL-OCFET) designs is presented. It is found that the graded channel doping feature can efficiently improve the overall device optical and electrical performances. Moreover, the proposed design exhibits superior device figures of merit (FoMs) and provides ultra-sensitivity behavior as compared to both the conventional IM-OCFET and the JL-OCFET counterparts. Our investigation reveals also the outstanding capability of the proposed structure for offering the weak signal detection advantage that demonstrates the unique property of our phototransistor with GCD aspect. These characteristics not only underline the excellent switching behavior of the proposed design but also demonstrate the ability for overcoming the trade-off between the low cost and readily fabrication process in addition to ultrasensitive aspect with low power consumption. This makes the proposed GCD-JL-OCFET a potential alternative for developing low power communication systems.