In this paper, we propose a potential high efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4/CdS (CZTS) solar cell design based on graded band-gap engineering that can offer the benefits of improved absorption behavior and reduced recombination effects. Moreover, a new hybrid approach based on analytical modeling and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to determinate the optimal band-gap profile of the amended CZTS absorber layer to achieve further efficiency enhancement. It is found that the proposed design exhibits superior performance, where a high efficiency of 16.9% is recorded for the optimized solar cell with a relative improvement of 92%, compared with the reference cell efficiency of 8.8%. Likewise, the optimized CZTS solar cell with a graded band-gap enables achieving a higher open circuit voltage of 889 mV, a short-circuit current of 28.5 mA and a fill factor of 66%. Therefore, the optimized CZTS-based solar cell with graded-band gap paradigm pinpoints a new path toward recording high-efficiency thin-film solar cells through enhancing carrier collection and reducing the recombination rate.

In this paper, a graded channel doping paradigm is proposed to improve the nanoscale double gate junctionless DGJL MOSFET electrical performance. A careful mechanism study based on numerical investigation and a performance comparison between the proposed and conventional design is carried out. The device figures-of-merit, governing the switching and leakage current behavior are investigated in order to reveal the transistor electrical performance for ultra-low power consumption. It is found that the channel doping engineering feature has a profound implication in enhancing the device electrical performance. Moreover, the impact of the high-k gate dielectric on the device leakage performance is also analyzed. The results show that the proposed design with gate stacking demonstrates superior ION/IOFF ratio and lower leakage current as compared to the conventional counterpart. Our analysis highlights the good ability of the proposed design including a high-k gate dielectric for the reduction of the leakage current. These characteristics underline the distinctive electrical behavior of the proposed design and also suggest the possibility for bridging the gap between the high derived current capability and low leakage power. This makes the proposed GCD-DGJL MOSFET with gate stacking a potential alternative for high performance and ultra-low power consumption applications.

The pumping of liquid metals by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) converters, without any moving parts are competing with conventional hydraulic pumps. Thus, the movement of the fluid is a consequence of the interaction the magnetic and electric fields. This work relates to the application of an approach for optimal design of a DC magneto-hydrodynamic pump. The optimization method is based on the solution of non-linear constrained problem by combination global and local optimization method. This paper applies the hybrid algorithm by combination of genetic algorithm and Fmincon for optimal design of DC MHD pump. The comparative study of the obtained results shows that the performance of the hybrid method is effectively improved.

The study of the water quality in the shallow aquifer of Tebessa-Morsott was carried out to perform a preliminary assessment of the hydrochemical quality of same groundwater samples and their suitability for irrigation uses. The high salinity coupled with groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as for future exploitation. The statistical treatment of hydrochemical data by principal component analysis revealed two components related to salinity and pollution. The US salinity diagram illustrates that most of the groundwater samples fall in C3S1- C4S1 quality with high salinity hazard and low sodium hazard.

The study of the water quality in the shallow aquifer of Tebessa-Morsott was carried out to perform a preliminary assessment of the hydrochemical quality of same groundwater samples and their suitability for irrigation uses. The high salinity coupled with groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as for future exploitation. The statistical treatment of hydrochemical data by principal component analysis revealed two components related to salinity and pollution. The US salinity diagram illustrates that most of the groundwater samples fall in C3S1- C4S1 quality with high salinity hazard and low sodium hazard.

The study of the water quality in the alluvial aquifer of Tebessa-Morsott basinwas carried out to perform a preliminary assessmentof the hydrochemical quality of same groundwater samples and their suitability for irrigation uses. The high salinity coupledwith groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as for future exploitation. The statistical treatment of hydrochemical data by principal component analysis revealed two components related to salinity and pollution.The US salinity diagram illustrates that most of the groundwater samples fall in C3S1-C4S1 quality with high salinity hazard and low sodium hazard.