The average unavailability and the average unconditional failure intensity of safety-instrumented systems represent the main performance indicators of safety integrity. This paper employs an approach based on the exploitation of the availability expression to obtain both performance measures in a simultaneous and straightforward way for any KooN configuration. The implementation of such an approach is generalized to take into account the contribution of common cause failures using any parametric model. The validation of the obtained results is verified through their application using several architectures and using Beta Factor and Binomial Failure Rate models to handle such type of dependent events. Therefore, the contribution of this paper lies in proposing one single formula that can be used to estimate the two main safety integrity’s performance indicators for any KooN architecture using any kind of common cause failures parametric model.

Spectral domain formulation is provided for the analysis of rectangular stacked patches printed on a substrate characterized by dielectric and magnetic uniaxial anisotropy. Detailed analytical expressions of the dyadic Green’s functions are derived. Galerkin’s procedure is applied to solve the electric field integral equations, and the resonance characteristics are determined by solving the characteristic equation. Numerical results show that the influence of the magnetic anisotropy on the resonant frequencies is highly dependent on the permeability of the medium, where for a non-magnetic medium, the impact of the existing anisotropy was found negligible. However, for a magnetic medium, the anisotropy has a large impact on the resonant frequencies. Moreover, the influence of each of the components of the permeability tensor has been also reported.

Massive capacity demand is a major impetus behind the advances, in various ways, of today and near future wireless communication networks. To face this challenge, more wireless spectrum is needed, efficient usage of this spectrum is necessary, and adequate architectures are required. In this paper, we present a conceptual solution based on a cognitive-radio-inspired cellular network, for integrating idle spectrum resources of different wireless networks into a single mobile heterogeneous wireless network. We describe the conceptual architecture of this integrating network, referred to as Integrating cognitive-radio-inspired cellular network (I-CRICNet), and present a cooperative spectrum-harvesting scheme that keeps the former supplied with spectrum resources. In the latter scheme, we make extensive use of cross-correlated sequences (CSSs), for events signaling purposes. This choice is motived by the particularly interesting characteristics of the CSSs, namely, duration shortness, robustness to bad radio conditions, detection rather than decoding, and low probability of collision. As an illustration, we propose a reporting and detection scheme, in the context of OFDMA systems, and provide performance results from simulations to validate our proposal.

Different techniques are used to obtain approximate solutions for delayed functional differential equations (RFDEs). All these models used the so-called stability lobe diagrams, to choose the maximum axial depth of cut for a given spindle speed associated with a free chatter in machining. In this research paper, the ZOA (Zeroth Order Approximation) and SD (Semi Discretization) methods are explained, developed and used to obtain the stability lobe diagrams for a milling cutting system with two degree of freedom, in high speed machining case.

This work was conducted on 23 samples distributed between springs, wells and boreholes tapping the shal-low and deep aquifer in the M’Daourouch-Drea area located in extreme northeast of Algeria. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, SO42–, HCO3– and NO3– were analysed. The interpretation of the geological-geophysical data allowed us to highlight two aquifers. The first consists of conglomerates, sandstones, gravels, sands, marls, limestones, la-custrine and alluvial deposits varying in thickness from a few tens to a few hundred meters, representing Neo-gene-Quaternary filling of the studied basin. The second is more important localized in the cracked and karstified limestones of upper Cretaceous age; these limestones are outcropped on the flanks of the syncline and the bor-ders of the basin. The first aquifer sometimes rests directly on the second which allows hydraulic communication between them. The hydogeochemical and statistical study, with the combination of numerous tools, indicates that the chemistry of groundwater in the M’Daourouch-Drea Plain is controlled both by the dissolution of the miner-als of the evaporite formations and those of the carbonate formations.

There are several forms of electricity generation, first, by burning fuels, such as coal, natural gas or oil, which have an effect on the atmosphere, especially increasing greenhouse gases, or, second, from renewable sources, such as wind, hydro and solar, which are clean and renewable sources of energy. Our work focuses on solar sources, especially photovoltaics; we have treated the steering part of photovoltaic generators using artificial intelligence methods, specifically, case-based reasoning. The system we have built generates actions to be applied to the generator based on its current state and reasoning from previous cases recorded in the case ba

The article describes a study on the influence of RF magnetron cathode sputter thickness, (09) Ni/NiO thin multilayer (each multilayer varies from 35Å to 3000Å). Measurements exploited by different MEB and XRD measurement techniques were obtained to give structural results and the average variation of the multilayer strength and the hysteresis cycles follow the two directions parallel and perpendicular to the substrate by VSM at room temperature. magnetic results.

Sun-tracking system is a key factor for solar photovoltaic (PV) future and new answers for the solar market. It will expand large scale PV-projects (PV farms) worldwide, and it is possible to collect more energy from the sun. PV farms consist of thousands of sun-tracking systems (STS) that are subject to dynamic loads (wind, snow, etc.), vibration, and gravitational loads. This paper presents the structural dynamic analysis of a 24 m² bi-axial sun-tracking system (azimuth-elevation) at different elevation angles based on its modal parameters (natural frequencies, modal shapes and modal damping ratios) and dynamic performance indices (Modal participation factors, forcing frequencies and mechanical quality factors) by means of the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The simulation results show that the structural dynamic design of the STS meets the desired structural requirements and agrees well with structural dynamic standards (EN 1991-1-4 and ASHRAE). These results can be used for further analysis on optimal design and vibration safety verification for the bi-axial sun tracking systems (PV applications).Structural Dynamics Analysis of Three-Dimensional Bi-Axial Sun-Tracking System Structure Determined by Numerical Modal Analysis | Request PDF. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323002148_Structural_Dynamics_A... [accessed Oct 31 2018].

In the present work, Fe-Cu based alloys with different compositions have been obtained by using Powder metallurgy (PM). These alloys were created with the purpose of increasing mechanical properties of the parts. Nevertheless, little have been published, once this is a matter of industrial interest. In this work, samples of Fe100-x Cux (x=0.40, 0.55, 0.70, 0.85 and 1) alloys were processed by cold pressing at 10 MPa, followed by sintering at 1250 C°. Structures formed during sintering were studied by EDS. Microstructural aspects were observed by MEB. Densification and microhardness tests were also performed.