In this paper, new multilayer design based on ZnO/Ag/ZnO structure is proposed as a new way to achieve UV-based photodetector (PD) with superior optical behavior. Our purpose resides on reducing the refracting light and achieving an effective absorption in the Ag metallic sub-layers. New numerical model based on accurate solutions of Maxwell’s equations is developed in order to elucidate the impact of the metallic sub-layers on the UV-PD optical performance. An overall analysis regarding the optical parameters such as the integral absorption and the total reflection is conducted. It is found that the metallic sub-layers have profound implications on modulating the electric field in the structure and facilitating photon forward scattering in the ZnO sub-layers which led to better optical behavior. Moreover, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach is proposed as a metaheuristic technique to reach effectiveness absorption through carefully adjusting the Ag and ZnO sub-layers thickness. It is confirmed that the optimized design can provide superior optical performance as compared to the conventional counterpart, where the optimized multilayer design exhibits an enhancement of 60% in the integral absorption over ZnO-based PD. The obtained results make the proposed multilayer design efficient for providing high performance PDs for communication applications.

Recent advances in wireless communication have led to the introduction of a novel network of miniaturized, low power, intelligent sensors that can be placed in, on, or around the body. This network is referred to as Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The main purpose of WBAN is to physiologically monitor patient’s vital signs and consequently route the related data towards a base station. Since the environment of such a network is principally the human body, data routing mechanisms used in traditional wireless networks (e.g. WSN, WANET) need to be revised, and more restrictions have to be addressed in order to adapt it to WBAN routing challenges. Compared to those dedicated to on-body WBAN, in-body WBAN routing protocols have more constrains and restrictions and are expected to be efficient and robust. As better as we know, only few routing protocols have been proposed in literature and the research field stills underexplored. Therefore, in this paper we present an overview of the main existing routing protocols proposed for wireless in-body sensor networks (WIBSN).

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming challenging issue and used in many fields and applications. WSNS are characterized by many constraints as low energy, low computation capability and weak transmission range. The cloud computing is promising technology that can provide a flexible storage and processing infrastructure to process WSN’s data in large scale. The two technologies (i.e.: WSNs, Cloud Computing) have gained significant research interest and their combining is a fundamental challenge that certainly will resolve many issues related to WSNs. In this paper we discuss firstly the idea of integrating WSNs in Cloud Computing starting with a state of the art analysis of existing approaches in this field. The second part of this paper is devoted to a comparative study between two efficient energy protocols that are proposed for WSNs.

Intellectual Capital is gaining importance in today's knowledge economy and plays a vital role in innovation, productivity growth, performance and competitiveness of organizations. The Intellectual Capital may include the following areas: human resources, organizational structure and processes, research and development, technology and rights related to intellectual property, and consumer networks and software providers. The purpose of this work is to measure the intellectual capital in an Algerian organization (or production system) using the Weightless Wealth Tool Kit “WWTK”. The results of the intellectual capital measurement are supplemented by traditional financial ratios. The measurement was applied to the National Company of wells Services (ENSP) in Hassi Messaoud city, in south of Algeria. We calculated the intellectual capital (intangible resources) of the ENSP to help the organization to better capitalize on its potential of workers and their know-how. The intangible value of the ENSP is evaluated at 16,936,173,345 DA in 2015.