Agriculture is a crucial element to build a strong economy, not only because of its importance in providing food, but also as a source of raw materials for industry as well as source of energy. Different diseases affect plants, which leads to decrease in productivity. In recent years, developments in computing technology and machine-learning algorithms (such as deep neural networks) in the field of agriculture have played a great role to face this problem by building early detection tools. In this paper, we propose an automatic plant disease classification based on a low complexity convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture, which leads to faster on-line classification. For the training process, we used more than one 57,000 tomato leaf images representing nine classes, taken under natural environment, and considered during training without background subtraction. The designed model achieves 97.04% classification accuracy and less than 0.2 error, which shows a high accuracy in distinguishing a disease from another.

Agriculture is a crucial element to build a strong economy, not only because of its importance in providing food, but also as a source of raw materials for industry as well as source of energy. Different diseases affect plants, which leads to decrease in productivity. In recent years, developments in computing technology and machine-learning algorithms (such as deep neural networks) in the field of agriculture have played a great role to face this problem by building early detection tools. In this paper, we propose an automatic plant disease classification based on a low complexity convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture, which leads to faster on-line classification. For the training process, we used more than one 57,000 tomato leaf images representing nine classes, taken under natural environment, and considered during training without background subtraction. The designed model achieves 97.04% classification accuracy and less than 0.2 error, which shows a high accuracy in distinguishing a disease from another.

هدفت الدراسة الآنية إلى البحث عن إمكانية وجود فروق في الذكاء الانفعالي عند التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين للأنشطة الرياضية الترويحية، و اعتمدت دراستنا على عينة قدرها 84 تلميذا متمدرسين بمتوسطة أحمد بوعكاز –صالح باي- سطيف. و بعد معالجة المتغيرات نظريا اعتمدنا على المنهج الوصفي ذو التصميم المقارن ، موظفين مقياس الذكاء الانفعالي لصاحبه أحمد علوان الذي تم تكييفه في البيئة الجزائرية و بعد إجراء المعالجة الإحصائية الوصفية و الاستدلالية المتمثلة في المتوسط الحسابي و الانحراف المعياري و اختبار T)) لمجموعتين مستقلتين. وقد توصلت دراستنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج تقر بعدم وجود فروق بين التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين في جميع أبعاد الذكاء الانفعالي سواء معرفة الانفعالات، تنظيم الانفعالات، التعاطف و التواصل الاجتماعي.

هدفت الدراسة الآنية إلى البحث عن إمكانية وجود فروق في الذكاء الانفعالي عند التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين للأنشطة الرياضية الترويحية، و اعتمدت دراستنا على عينة قدرها 84 تلميذا متمدرسين بمتوسطة أحمد بوعكاز –صالح باي- سطيف. و بعد معالجة المتغيرات نظريا اعتمدنا على المنهج الوصفي ذو التصميم المقارن ، موظفين مقياس الذكاء الانفعالي لصاحبه أحمد علوان الذي تم تكييفه في البيئة الجزائرية و بعد إجراء المعالجة الإحصائية الوصفية و الاستدلالية المتمثلة في المتوسط الحسابي و الانحراف المعياري و اختبار T)) لمجموعتين مستقلتين. وقد توصلت دراستنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج تقر بعدم وجود فروق بين التلاميذ الممارسين و غير الممارسين في جميع أبعاد الذكاء الانفعالي سواء معرفة الانفعالات، تنظيم الانفعالات، التعاطف و التواصل الاجتماعي.

Le présent article met en jeu un objectif bien précis, celui de nous interroger sur le rôle des questions argumentatives et de cerner leurs relations avec l’évolution argumentative des thèmes mis en délibération onusienne. Le corpus d’analyse est un recueil de comptes rendus analytiques « textes officiels » qui ont été récoltés sur le site officiel des Nations Unies. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la conception de l’interaction argumentative telle qu’elle a été définie par Christian Plantin. Ce modèle s’accorde parfaitement avec une analyse du dialogue onusien. Dans ce travail nous visons à présenter le statut argumentatif et interactionnel de la question argumentative. This article brings in a very precise objective that allows us to interrogate the role of argumentative questions, and to identify their relations with the argumentative evolution of themes provided in the United Nations’ deliberation. The corpus of analysis is a collection of analytic reports “official texts”, which were collected from the UN’s official website. Our work falls under to the conception of argumentative interaction such as the one defined by Christian Plantin. This model corresponds perfectly with the UN’s dialogue analysis. In this work, we aim to present the argumentative and interactional statuses of argumentative questions.

Le présent article met en jeu un objectif bien précis, celui de nous interroger sur le rôle des questions argumentatives et de cerner leurs relations avec l’évolution argumentative des thèmes mis en délibération onusienne. Le corpus d’analyse est un recueil de comptes rendus analytiques « textes officiels » qui ont été récoltés sur le site officiel des Nations Unies. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la conception de l’interaction argumentative telle qu’elle a été définie par Christian Plantin. Ce modèle s’accorde parfaitement avec une analyse du dialogue onusien. Dans ce travail nous visons à présenter le statut argumentatif et interactionnel de la question argumentative. This article brings in a very precise objective that allows us to interrogate the role of argumentative questions, and to identify their relations with the argumentative evolution of themes provided in the United Nations’ deliberation. The corpus of analysis is a collection of analytic reports “official texts”, which were collected from the UN’s official website. Our work falls under to the conception of argumentative interaction such as the one defined by Christian Plantin. This model corresponds perfectly with the UN’s dialogue analysis. In this work, we aim to present the argumentative and interactional statuses of argumentative questions.

An effective Food Traceability System (FTS) in a Food Supply Chain (FSC) should adequately provide all necessary information to the consumer(s), meet the requirements of the relevant agencies, and improve food safety as well as consumer confidence. New information and communication technologies are rapidly advancing, especially after the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). Consequently, new food traceability systems have become mainly based on IoT. Many studies have been conducted on food traceability. They mainly focused on the practical implementation and theoretical concepts. Accordingly, various definitions, technologies, and principles have been proposed. The “traceability” concept has been defined in several ways and each new definition has tried to generalize its previous ones. Nevertheless, no standard definition has been reached. Furthermore, the architecture of IoT-based food traceability systems has not yet been standardized. Similarly, used technologies in this field have not been yet well classified. This article presents an analysis of the existing definitions of food traceability, and thus proposes a new one that aims to be simpler, general, and encompassing than the previous ones. We also propose, through this article, a new architecture for IoT-based food traceability systems as well as a new classification of technologies used in this context. We do not miss discussing the applications of different technologies and future trends in the field of IoT-based food traceability systems. Mainly, an FTS can make use of three types of technologies: Identification and Monitoring Technologies (IMT), Communication Technologies (CT), and Data Management Technologies (DMT). Improving a food traceability system requires the use of the best new technologies. There is a variety of promising technologies today to enhance FTS, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems and distributed ledger technology (DLT).

An effective Food Traceability System (FTS) in a Food Supply Chain (FSC) should adequately provide all necessary information to the consumer(s), meet the requirements of the relevant agencies, and improve food safety as well as consumer confidence. New information and communication technologies are rapidly advancing, especially after the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). Consequently, new food traceability systems have become mainly based on IoT. Many studies have been conducted on food traceability. They mainly focused on the practical implementation and theoretical concepts. Accordingly, various definitions, technologies, and principles have been proposed. The “traceability” concept has been defined in several ways and each new definition has tried to generalize its previous ones. Nevertheless, no standard definition has been reached. Furthermore, the architecture of IoT-based food traceability systems has not yet been standardized. Similarly, used technologies in this field have not been yet well classified. This article presents an analysis of the existing definitions of food traceability, and thus proposes a new one that aims to be simpler, general, and encompassing than the previous ones. We also propose, through this article, a new architecture for IoT-based food traceability systems as well as a new classification of technologies used in this context. We do not miss discussing the applications of different technologies and future trends in the field of IoT-based food traceability systems. Mainly, an FTS can make use of three types of technologies: Identification and Monitoring Technologies (IMT), Communication Technologies (CT), and Data Management Technologies (DMT). Improving a food traceability system requires the use of the best new technologies. There is a variety of promising technologies today to enhance FTS, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems and distributed ledger technology (DLT).

An effective Food Traceability System (FTS) in a Food Supply Chain (FSC) should adequately provide all necessary information to the consumer(s), meet the requirements of the relevant agencies, and improve food safety as well as consumer confidence. New information and communication technologies are rapidly advancing, especially after the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). Consequently, new food traceability systems have become mainly based on IoT. Many studies have been conducted on food traceability. They mainly focused on the practical implementation and theoretical concepts. Accordingly, various definitions, technologies, and principles have been proposed. The “traceability” concept has been defined in several ways and each new definition has tried to generalize its previous ones. Nevertheless, no standard definition has been reached. Furthermore, the architecture of IoT-based food traceability systems has not yet been standardized. Similarly, used technologies in this field have not been yet well classified. This article presents an analysis of the existing definitions of food traceability, and thus proposes a new one that aims to be simpler, general, and encompassing than the previous ones. We also propose, through this article, a new architecture for IoT-based food traceability systems as well as a new classification of technologies used in this context. We do not miss discussing the applications of different technologies and future trends in the field of IoT-based food traceability systems. Mainly, an FTS can make use of three types of technologies: Identification and Monitoring Technologies (IMT), Communication Technologies (CT), and Data Management Technologies (DMT). Improving a food traceability system requires the use of the best new technologies. There is a variety of promising technologies today to enhance FTS, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems and distributed ledger technology (DLT).

In this paper, we present a novel hybrid meta-heuristic by enhancing the Basic Bees Algorithm through the integration of a local search method namely Simulated Annealing and Variable Neighbourhood Search like algorithm. The resulted hybrid bees algorithm (BASA) is used to solve the Single Machine Scheduling Problem with Early/Tardy jobs, where the generated outcomes are compared against the Basic Bees Algorithm (BA), and against some stat-of-the-art meta-heuristics. Computational results reveal that our proposed framework outperforms the Basic Bees Algorithm, and demonstrates a competitive performance compared with some algorithms extracted from the literature.

In this paper, we present a novel hybrid meta-heuristic by enhancing the Basic Bees Algorithm through the integration of a local search method namely Simulated Annealing and Variable Neighbourhood Search like algorithm. The resulted hybrid bees algorithm (BASA) is used to solve the Single Machine Scheduling Problem with Early/Tardy jobs, where the generated outcomes are compared against the Basic Bees Algorithm (BA), and against some stat-of-the-art meta-heuristics. Computational results reveal that our proposed framework outperforms the Basic Bees Algorithm, and demonstrates a competitive performance compared with some algorithms extracted from the literature.

In this paper, we present a novel hybrid meta-heuristic by enhancing the Basic Bees Algorithm through the integration of a local search method namely Simulated Annealing and Variable Neighbourhood Search like algorithm. The resulted hybrid bees algorithm (BASA) is used to solve the Single Machine Scheduling Problem with Early/Tardy jobs, where the generated outcomes are compared against the Basic Bees Algorithm (BA), and against some stat-of-the-art meta-heuristics. Computational results reveal that our proposed framework outperforms the Basic Bees Algorithm, and demonstrates a competitive performance compared with some algorithms extracted from the literature.

The aim of this paper is to propose a new family of codes.  We define this family over the ring R=∑4s=0vs5A4R=∑s=04v5sA4, with v55=v5v55=v5.  We derive its properties, a generator matrix and Gray images.  This new family of codes is illustrated by three applications.

The aim of this paper is to propose a new family of codes.  We define this family over the ring R=∑4s=0vs5A4R=∑s=04v5sA4, with v55=v5v55=v5.  We derive its properties, a generator matrix and Gray images.  This new family of codes is illustrated by three applications.

From the 1990s, urban policy in Algeria underwent significant upheavals, including authoritarian management, which was replaced by participatory management. Following the example of Algerian cities, the city of Batna adheres with this new vision, hence the implementation of a partnership program that involves various stakeholders including the citizen. The latter is present within multiple associations. The objective of this work is to highlight the activism of neighborhood associations as a representative element of civil society and their determining role in the management of different situations. To report on this issue, a field survey was conducted in the form of semi-directive interviews addressed to the three local actors: associations, citizens and elected officials.

From the 1990s, urban policy in Algeria underwent significant upheavals, including authoritarian management, which was replaced by participatory management. Following the example of Algerian cities, the city of Batna adheres with this new vision, hence the implementation of a partnership program that involves various stakeholders including the citizen. The latter is present within multiple associations. The objective of this work is to highlight the activism of neighborhood associations as a representative element of civil society and their determining role in the management of different situations. To report on this issue, a field survey was conducted in the form of semi-directive interviews addressed to the three local actors: associations, citizens and elected officials.

From the 1990s, urban policy in Algeria underwent significant upheavals, including authoritarian management, which was replaced by participatory management. Following the example of Algerian cities, the city of Batna adheres with this new vision, hence the implementation of a partnership program that involves various stakeholders including the citizen. The latter is present within multiple associations. The objective of this work is to highlight the activism of neighborhood associations as a representative element of civil society and their determining role in the management of different situations. To report on this issue, a field survey was conducted in the form of semi-directive interviews addressed to the three local actors: associations, citizens and elected officials.

Introduction. Budget constraints in a world ravenous for electrical power have led utility companies to operate generating stations with full power and sometimes at the limit of stability. In such drastic conditions the occurrence of any contingency or disturbance may lead to a critical situation starting with poorly damped oscillations followed by loss of synchronism and power system instability. In the past decades, the utilization of supplementary excitation control signals for improving power system stability has received much attention. Power system stabilizers (PSS) are used to generate supplementary control signals for the excitation system in order to damp low-frequency oscillations caused by load disturbances or short-circuit faults.

Problem. Adaptive power system stabilizers have been proposed to adequately deal with a wide range of operating conditions, but they suffer from the major drawback of requiring parameter model identification, state observation and on-line feedback gain computation. Power systems are nonlinear systems, with configurations and parameters that fluctuate with time that which require a fully nonlinear model and an adaptive control scheme for a practical operating environment. A new nonlinear adaptive fuzzy approach based on synergetic control theory which has been developed for nonlinear power system stabilizers to overcome above mentioned problems.

Aim. Synergetic control theory has been successfully applied in the design of power system stabilizers is a most promising robust control technique relying on the same principle of invariance found in sliding mode control, but without its chattering drawback. In most of its applications, synergetic control law was designed based on an asymptotic stability analysis and the system trajectories evolve to a specified attractor reaching the equilibrium in an infinite time. In this paper an indirect finite time adaptive fuzzy synergetic power system stabilizer for damping local and inter-area modes of oscillations for power systems is presented. 

Methodology. The proposed controller design is based on an adaptive fuzzy control combining a synergetic control theory with a finite-time attractor and Lyapunov synthesis. Enhancing existing adaptive fuzzy synergetic power system stabilizer, where fuzzy systems are used to approximate unknown system dynamics and robust synergetic control for only providing asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, the proposed technique procures finite time convergence property in the derivation of the continuous synergetic control law. Analytical proofs for finite time convergence are presented confirming that the proposed adaptive scheme can guarantee that system signals are bounded and finite time stability obtained. 

Results. The performance of the proposed stabilizer is evaluated for a single machine infinite bus system and for a multi machine power system under different type of disturbances. Simulation results are compared to those obtained with a conventional adaptive fuzzy synergetic controller.

Introduction. Budget constraints in a world ravenous for electrical power have led utility companies to operate generating stations with full power and sometimes at the limit of stability. In such drastic conditions the occurrence of any contingency or disturbance may lead to a critical situation starting with poorly damped oscillations followed by loss of synchronism and power system instability. In the past decades, the utilization of supplementary excitation control signals for improving power system stability has received much attention. Power system stabilizers (PSS) are used to generate supplementary control signals for the excitation system in order to damp low-frequency oscillations caused by load disturbances or short-circuit faults.

Problem. Adaptive power system stabilizers have been proposed to adequately deal with a wide range of operating conditions, but they suffer from the major drawback of requiring parameter model identification, state observation and on-line feedback gain computation. Power systems are nonlinear systems, with configurations and parameters that fluctuate with time that which require a fully nonlinear model and an adaptive control scheme for a practical operating environment. A new nonlinear adaptive fuzzy approach based on synergetic control theory which has been developed for nonlinear power system stabilizers to overcome above mentioned problems.

Aim. Synergetic control theory has been successfully applied in the design of power system stabilizers is a most promising robust control technique relying on the same principle of invariance found in sliding mode control, but without its chattering drawback. In most of its applications, synergetic control law was designed based on an asymptotic stability analysis and the system trajectories evolve to a specified attractor reaching the equilibrium in an infinite time. In this paper an indirect finite time adaptive fuzzy synergetic power system stabilizer for damping local and inter-area modes of oscillations for power systems is presented. 

Methodology. The proposed controller design is based on an adaptive fuzzy control combining a synergetic control theory with a finite-time attractor and Lyapunov synthesis. Enhancing existing adaptive fuzzy synergetic power system stabilizer, where fuzzy systems are used to approximate unknown system dynamics and robust synergetic control for only providing asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, the proposed technique procures finite time convergence property in the derivation of the continuous synergetic control law. Analytical proofs for finite time convergence are presented confirming that the proposed adaptive scheme can guarantee that system signals are bounded and finite time stability obtained. 

Results. The performance of the proposed stabilizer is evaluated for a single machine infinite bus system and for a multi machine power system under different type of disturbances. Simulation results are compared to those obtained with a conventional adaptive fuzzy synergetic controller.

Introduction. Budget constraints in a world ravenous for electrical power have led utility companies to operate generating stations with full power and sometimes at the limit of stability. In such drastic conditions the occurrence of any contingency or disturbance may lead to a critical situation starting with poorly damped oscillations followed by loss of synchronism and power system instability. In the past decades, the utilization of supplementary excitation control signals for improving power system stability has received much attention. Power system stabilizers (PSS) are used to generate supplementary control signals for the excitation system in order to damp low-frequency oscillations caused by load disturbances or short-circuit faults.

Problem. Adaptive power system stabilizers have been proposed to adequately deal with a wide range of operating conditions, but they suffer from the major drawback of requiring parameter model identification, state observation and on-line feedback gain computation. Power systems are nonlinear systems, with configurations and parameters that fluctuate with time that which require a fully nonlinear model and an adaptive control scheme for a practical operating environment. A new nonlinear adaptive fuzzy approach based on synergetic control theory which has been developed for nonlinear power system stabilizers to overcome above mentioned problems.

Aim. Synergetic control theory has been successfully applied in the design of power system stabilizers is a most promising robust control technique relying on the same principle of invariance found in sliding mode control, but without its chattering drawback. In most of its applications, synergetic control law was designed based on an asymptotic stability analysis and the system trajectories evolve to a specified attractor reaching the equilibrium in an infinite time. In this paper an indirect finite time adaptive fuzzy synergetic power system stabilizer for damping local and inter-area modes of oscillations for power systems is presented. 

Methodology. The proposed controller design is based on an adaptive fuzzy control combining a synergetic control theory with a finite-time attractor and Lyapunov synthesis. Enhancing existing adaptive fuzzy synergetic power system stabilizer, where fuzzy systems are used to approximate unknown system dynamics and robust synergetic control for only providing asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, the proposed technique procures finite time convergence property in the derivation of the continuous synergetic control law. Analytical proofs for finite time convergence are presented confirming that the proposed adaptive scheme can guarantee that system signals are bounded and finite time stability obtained. 

Results. The performance of the proposed stabilizer is evaluated for a single machine infinite bus system and for a multi machine power system under different type of disturbances. Simulation results are compared to those obtained with a conventional adaptive fuzzy synergetic controller.