In this paper, heat transfer analysis during cutting 2024-T351 aluminium alloy with carbur tungsten (25° rake angle) and especially in 2, 3D orthogonal cutting operation numerically was performed. The assembly was modelled, meshed and analysed using commercial computational tool ABAQUS EXPLICIT. The parameters to be varied are depth of cut and impact speed, the thermal boundary conditions are adiabatic, the thermal contact between tool and workpiece is imperfect and the following method is Lagrangian, the results were well visualized and compared with literature, [23] and are in good agreement with reality of cutting. It was found that maximum temperature turn around 400°C when cutting and it is located in chip formation on the other hand, heat conduction with impact speed were two antagonist phenomenon, in other terms, increase in impact speed has less effect on heat transfer and in conduction espescialy.

D’aucuns nieront que parmi les essais définitoires attenants à la notion de littérature, son pouvoir à représenter la culture d’appartenance se présente comme un trait constant et transversal, d’où le leitmotiv qui stipule que la littérature est un réverbérant culturel par excellence. Dans le présent article, il serait question de mettre en lumière la prégnance de cette dimension culturelle dans la littérature orale en générale et parémique en particulier, étant donné que la transmission d’un grand pan de la culture lui incombe. Abstract: among the multiple defining traits of literature, we mention its ability to represent the culture it belongs to, from where the sempiternal leitmotiv which stipulate that the literature is the mirror of the culture. The present work, in an attempt to shed light on a cultural dimension to literature, tackles the oral literature and proverbial expressions. In this kind of literature, the cultural representation is the obligation of the proverbial expressions.

Les textes d’Isabelle Eberhardt se démarquent par leurs richesses et leurs portés ethnographiques, du fait des détails, descriptions, portraits faits de la société algérienne ou alors maghrébine, de manière générale et de ses habitants, à une époque marquée par le colonialisme. Ils sont aussi un témoignage qui rapporte les traditions, møe}urs, rituels de cette société sensée disparaitre sous les feux de la colonisation. Ils donnent forme et vie à cette identité «nationale » que la France voulait annihiler. Mais ils renseignent également sur l’esprit de curiosité, la minutie dans l’observation de la part de l’auteure qui justifie, en quelque sorte le mode de vie qu’elle s’est choisi.

School textbooks have always had some reflection of home culture or L2 culture in case it is foreign in textbooks or in real-life situations, interactions that take place between languages and their cultures have always contributed to cultural enrichment, the present study is an attempt to encourage intercultural dialogue between Mediterranean countries. Indeed, through the analysis of the literary texts proposed in Algerian second school textbooks, we aim to identify the Mediterranean cultures manifested using a didactic approach.