Recent advances in wireless communication have led to the introduction of a novel network of miniaturized, low power, intelligent sensors that can be placed in, on, or around the body. This network is referred to as Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The main purpose of WBAN is to physiologically monitor patient’s vital signs and consequently route the related data towards a base station. Since the environment of such a network is principally the human body, data routing mechanisms used in traditional wireless networks (e.g. WSN, WANET) need to be revised, and more restrictions have to be addressed in order to adapt it to WBAN routing challenges. Compared to those dedicated to on-body WBAN, in-body WBAN routing protocols have more constrains and restrictions and are expected to be efficient and robust. As better as we know, only few routing protocols have been proposed in literature and the research field stills underexplored. Therefore, in this paper we present an overview of the main existing routing protocols proposed for wireless in-body sensor networks (WIBSN).

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming challenging issue and used in many fields and applications. WSNS are characterized by many constraints as low energy, low computation capability and weak transmission range. The cloud computing is promising technology that can provide a flexible storage and processing infrastructure to process WSN’s data in large scale. The two technologies (i.e.: WSNs, Cloud Computing) have gained significant research interest and their combining is a fundamental challenge that certainly will resolve many issues related to WSNs. In this paper we discuss firstly the idea of integrating WSNs in Cloud Computing starting with a state of the art analysis of existing approaches in this field. The second part of this paper is devoted to a comparative study between two efficient energy protocols that are proposed for WSNs.

Intellectual Capital is gaining importance in today's knowledge economy and plays a vital role in innovation, productivity growth, performance and competitiveness of organizations. The Intellectual Capital may include the following areas: human resources, organizational structure and processes, research and development, technology and rights related to intellectual property, and consumer networks and software providers. The purpose of this work is to measure the intellectual capital in an Algerian organization (or production system) using the Weightless Wealth Tool Kit “WWTK”. The results of the intellectual capital measurement are supplemented by traditional financial ratios. The measurement was applied to the National Company of wells Services (ENSP) in Hassi Messaoud city, in south of Algeria. We calculated the intellectual capital (intangible resources) of the ENSP to help the organization to better capitalize on its potential of workers and their know-how. The intangible value of the ENSP is evaluated at 16,936,173,345 DA in 2015.

This study proposes the replacement of the conventional straight absorber by the newly designed longitudinally undulated. Numerical results revealed that the new absorber could dethrone the former for several reasons: Among others, it allows a more homogeneous distribution of concentrated solar radiations on its outer surface (Monte Carlo Ray Tracking results); unlike other techniques which improve the inner heat transfer by increasing simultaneously the load of the absorber and the pressure drop within it, the proposed curved absorber is going to generate in a natural way, without any additional mechanical components, vortices within the main streaming which allowed to increase the heat transfer coefficient of about 63 % with an increase of the pressure drop penalty of about 60 %. On the other hand, it allows a drastic reduction of the size of the solar collector field. All these facts lead to decreasing the wall temperature gradient bellow 40 K. Results are obtained for the Syltherm 800 Reynolds number range 2.5×104 to 12.3×104 and a fluid inlet temperature of 450 K.

The aim of this paper is to perform a keyword analysis in two areas of research: Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management. The keywords are of three types : keywords proposed by the authors in their articles, the keywords that users use in their queries and the densest words existing in a textual corpus. Zipf’s law usually applied for natural language is applied in this work for scientifc corpus constituted of confused full articles in each area. We wrote 8 R programs going through titles of articles, authors’ keywords, abstracts and full articles to calculate frequencies and interpret them. The keywords of intellectual capital measurement and diclosure have the highest frequencies. The measures are stated by companies in annual reports and could not be integrated in their balance sheets because the classical accounting does not take into acount intellectual capital as an asset. Knowledge management is more oriented towards the capitalization of knowledge to improve business performance and for industries. This work is the first in keyword analysis for the two areas. It could be usefull to prepare glossaries, ontologies and all semantic reasearhes of research areas.